This irrigation system is farther classified into three other types of modern methods of irrigation. Methods of irrigation surface irrigation. The basin flooding method is check flooding adapted to orchards. LECTURE 2 . Subsurface irrigation is again divided into natural sub-irrigation and artificial sub-irrigation. Let’s dive into through each of them now. It classified by 2 different methods: Traditional Methods: In this method, irrigation is done manually. Methods of Irrigation Dr. M. R. Kabir Professor and Head, Department of Civil Engineering University of Asia Pacific (UAP), Dhaka . Methods of Irrigation. Methods of Irrigation.
Sprinkler Irrigation
Sprinkling is the method of applying water to the soil surface in the form of a spray which is somewhat similar to rain. The irrigation water should be of good quality to avoid excessive soil salinity. The method is more useful where. In recent years, high labor costs for surface irrigation have increased the attractiveness of sprinkler irrigation. This method is suitable only for those soils formations which have high horizontal permeability to permit free lateral movement though the root zone of the crops and low vertical permeability so that deep percolation losses are minimised. Methods of irrigation is an important portion in hydraulics. (1) Flooding, (2) Bed or border method (Saras and flat beds), (3) Basin method (ring and basin) and […] It is impossible to get completely uniform distribution of water around a sprinkler head, and spacing of the heads must be planned to overlap spray areas so that distribution is essentially uniform. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Skype (Opens in new window), Methods of Irrigation- 3 Methods Full Guide. There are five basic methods of irrigation (flooding, furrow irrigation, trickle, sprinkling, and sub irrigation). It is the most common form of irrigation throughout the world and has been practised in many areas. Sprinkler system can be classified under 3 heads. In this farm-water application method, water is applied to the soil in the form of a spray through a network of pipes and pumps. You’ll learn all the above mentioned irrigation methods in details here. Sometimes the upward capiliary water flow from shallow water table may produce saline and alkali conditions and may make the land less productive. Offsetting these advantages is the relatively high cost of the sprinkling equipment and the permanent installations necessary to supply water to the sprinkler lines. Traditional methods of irrigation are the oldest method used in the earlier years., which are more affordable, efficient than the modern methods. Under gravity irrigation, water is distributed by means of open canals and conducts with out pressure. The water is delivered to the field … Right from seed germination to the proper growth of the crop, water is needed at all stages. However, with the introduction of lightweight steel pipes and quick couplers, a portable sprinkler system was developed. Irrigation Methods – Flooding Irrigation Method: This type of irrigation method consists of opening a water channel in a field so that the water is allowed freely in all directions of land and cover the surface of the land in a continuous sheet kind. The furrow is a narrow ditch between rows of plants. Pressurized irrigation Surface is grouped as Border, Check basin and Furrow irrigations. Water flows over the soil by gravity for surface irrigation. Good irrigation method results in increased yield and conservation of resources with soil productivity maintained and water utilised economically. The sprinklers placed there, distribute the water across the fields. Sub-surface III. Formwork (Shuttering) for Concrete [Its Types, Design]. Tillage methods are a significant factor in subsurface irrigation as some cultivation practices can destroy the irrigation system. Under ideal conditions, the ditch spacing and flow rate should be such that the water will just infiltrate in the time it is flowing across the field. Varied quantities of water are allowed on the fields at different times. In this method, water is sprayed into the air and allowed to fall on the soil surface in a uniform pattern at a rate less than the infiltration rate of the soil. Methods of irrigation is an important portion in hydraulics. For this purpose, water is supplied to a series of ditches half to one metre deep and 25 to 50cm wide having vertical sides. surface, sub surface and aerial, overhead or sprinkler irrigation. Next member is artificial sub irrigation method. In sprinkler systems, the pipes carry water to central locations on the farm. Surface irrigation is a method of irrigation where water is applied and distributed over the soil surface due to gravity. These ditches are spaced from 15 to 100m apart depending upon the. The Importance of Guard and Hand Rails In Industrial Workplace Safety, Precast Concrete: Its Types, Advantages, Manufacturing, Non-Ferrous Metals; Types, Uses, Properties [Complete Guide]. The sprinkler method is one of the most efficient irrigation methods to irrigate the uneven land for agriculture. So, that’s it about methods of irrigation. These are as follows – Furrow – in case of furrow irrigation, water is made to flow through shallow channels which are evenly spaced out and at a slope to the field. Spacing of furrows is determined by the proper spacing of the plants. Because of low water use, soil salinity problems are reduced. ( Log Out /  Border is again classified in to two as straight and contour. The three main methods of irrigation are surface, sprinkler and drip/micro. These irrigation systems were used in earlier years. Also read: Vastu for home plan- all design tips backed by logic. We’ll be taking a closer look at two main types of irrigation: Traditional irrigation method; Modern irrigation method; Traditional irrigation method Flood irrigation method. Sub irrigation results in a minimum of evaporation loss and surface waste and requires little field preparation and labor. MSE Retaining Walls – Components & advantages. What do you mean by micro-irrigation? Subsurface irrigation can be set up to water any crop on any farmable slope. Water is made to pass under pressure, through these underground perforated pipes. Learn how your comment data is processed. Drip Irrigation. Read More: Canal Head Works – Its Function, Components, Site Selection. One chapter is devoted to the choice of an appropriate irrigation method. Drip irrigation, in a nutshell, is the process of lacing your garden area with irrigation lines that feed into the root systems of your plants, “dripping” water into them gradually. Before selecting a particular method, the irrigation engineer must evaluate all the factors, and choose that method which is best suited to the local conditions. While sprinkler systems originated in Western countries where groundwater levels were low, it has subsequently spread across the world due to its efficiency. Here water is applied to the soil with the help of gravity. These modern irrigation techniques have been discussed in detail below – Surface irrigation – It is one of the most common methods of irrigation. Now, come with me to shake hands with subsurface irrigation. Links of those articles are provided herewithin. Flood irrigation has been around since the ancient years. Surface method is adopted in more than 99% of irrigated area in India. Portable pipes or large hoses are often used in place or ditches for conveying water to the basins. However, even today some small farms in rural areas adopt these. In order to ensure the requisite supply of water to the root zone, its is essential to maintain the desired water level by artificial means. These include – Surface irrigation, sprinkler, drip and subsurface. This method also requires that the land to be irrigated should have a flatter slope, other wise the cost of land leveling and preparation at times be come very high. It is a kind of an artificial rain and, therefore, gives very good results. Farmers have to rely on a n… Water is brought to the field in permanent ditches and distributed across the field in smaller ditches spaced to conform to the topography, soil, and rate of flow. Canal Head Works – Its Function, Components, Site Selection. There are mainly three methods- surface irrigation, subsurface irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. irrigation methods to the selection parameters (crop density, type of sowing or planting, susceptibility of the crop to disease, slope of the field, infiltration rate of the soil, water quality, and skill of the available labour), cost, and financial feasibility criteria. The yield also improves. Surface irrigation, also known as gravity irrigation, is the oldest form of irrigation and has been in use for thousands of years. Surface II. During the period from 1958 to 1967 the total irrigated acreage in the United States changed from 36 million to 45 million acres; an increase of 26 percent, while sprinkler use rose from 3.7 million to 7.6 million acres, a 130 percent increase. Also the border, sprinkler and drip irrigation methods are discussed, but in less detail. Customarily the furrows are run normal to the contours, although this should be avoided on steep slopes where soil erosion may be severe. Irrigation methods is the fifth in a series of training manuals on irrigation. And there are several subcategories within each of these basic methods.And there are several subcategories within each of these basic methods. Next, let’s know more details about these methods of irrigation shown in the diagram. In surface irrigation, water flows over the soil by gravity. Water is the most important requirement for agriculture. A civil engineer turned writer, the girl of 22 set off the journey to freelance content creating since 2019. Although they are cheaper than modern methods, they are not as efficient. Also, we have published details of some of these irrigation methods. Also read: Concept of Green Building- 4 comprehensive concepts easy read! Scheduling irrigation. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. The two main modern methods of irrigation are: 1) Sprinkler system. In surface (furrow, flood, or level basin) irrigation systems, water moves across the surface of an agricultural lands, in order to wet it and infiltrate into the soil. It should be such that mechanized farming is facilitated, Impervious sub soil at reasonable depth (2 to 3m) or existence of high water table, Permeable soil such as loam or sandy loam in the root zone of the soil. It is relatively inexpensive because it requires minimum of preparation. In the semi-permanent system, the main lines are buried while the laterals are portable. If all these favourable conditions are fulfilled and if proper precautions are taken to prevent alkali accumulation or excess water logging, the method results in exonomical use of water, high crop yield and low labour cost in preparing the irrigation plots. Various irrigation methods have been developed over time to meet the irrigation needs of certain crops in specific areas. This is a most efficient system because it allows you to directly hydrate your plants without having to water the surface. This irrigation is suitable for dry and windy areas as it limits the loss of water through evaporation. A pump usually lifts the water from the source, pushes it through the distribution system and through the sprinkler nozzle on the sprinkler heads mounted on rising pipes attached to the laterals. This method of irrigation consists in turning the water onto natural slopes without much control or prior preparation. Its time to meet the last member, sprinkler irrigation. Followings are the types of irrigation methods-Surface Irrigation; Localized Irrigation; Drip Irrigation; Sprinkler Irrigation; Center Pivot Irrigation; Lateral Move Irrigation; Sub-Irrigation; Manual Irrigation; A brief description of these irrigation types is given below. 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