It is a reference to the valley just outside of Jerusalem “variously designated in the Hebrew text as the valley ‘of the sons of Hinnom (2 Kings 23:10), ‘of the son of Hin… Jeremiah warns the inhabitants of Jerusalem that they face invasion by the Chaldeans, and one of the consequences will be that the bodies of the dead will be buried in the Valley of the Son of Hinnom because there will be no room elsewhere (Jer. It is also known as the VALLEY OF THE SON OF HINNOM [Josh 15:8; Jer 7:32], the VALLEY OF THE CHILDREN OF HINNOM [2 Kings 23:10], and THE VALLEY [2 Chron 26:9; Neh 2:13, 15]. It is located by Josephus between Jerusalem and Bethlehem (Ant., VII, iv, i; xii, 4). The valley of the son of Hinnom - This valley begins on the west of Jerusalem at the road to Joppa, and turning southeastward round the foot of Mount Zion joins the deeper valley of Kedron … It is recorded that Josiah destroyed the shrine of Molech on Topheth to prevent anyone sacrificing children there in 2 Kings 23:10. HINNOM, VALLEY OF, hĭn’ əm (גֵּ֣י הִנֹּ֗ם. It became a type of sin, punishment, and misery because the bodies of dead animals and criminals were burned at its ever-burning fires. God says, "And they go on building the high place of Topheth, ... Josephus in his Wars of the Jews book 5, chapter 12, verse 3, states that during the Roman siege of Jerusalem the Jews were no longer able to bury the dead in the city. According to most Jewish sources, the period of purification or punishment is limited to only 12 months and every Sabbath day is excluded from punishment. Examples of Gehenna in the Christian New Testament include: Another book to use the word Gehenna in the New Testament is James:[38], The New Testament also refers to Hades as a place distinct from Gehenna. The valley of Hinnom has a detailed history in the Bible. [26] Also, Lloyd R. Bailey's "Gehenna: The Topography of Hell"[27] from 1986 holds a similar view. Nor does Josephus make any mention of the tradition commonly reported in older Christian commentaries that in Roman times fires were kept burning and the valley became the garbage dump of the city, where the dead bodies of criminals , and the carcasses of … 1. The NET translators point out, This was the valley along the south side of Jerusalem. Any drawback, however, was compensated for by the city’s being surrounded on three sides by steep-walled valleys: the torrent valley of Kidron on the east and the Valley of Hinnom on the south and west. 23:10; 2 Chr. The watercourse is know to this very day as the Wady en-Nar (Arabic: The Streambed of Fire). As you've pointed out, Gehenna (γέεννα) is just a transliteration of the Hebrew for "Valley of Hinnom" (גֵּי הִנֹּם) and the Aramaic for the same (גֵיהִנָּם / ܓܗܢܐ). Gehenna, gehinnam, or gehinnom (Hebrew: גהנום, גהנם, Greek γεεννα) are words used in Jewish and Christian writings for the place where evil people go in the afterlife (see Hell). [32] After this the soul will move on to Olam Ha-Ba (the world to come), be destroyed, or continue to exist in a state of consciousness of remorse. Josephus wrote about the belief of the Pharisees, but Gehenna is not found in his writings, … One defector told Titus that their number was estimated at 115,880. The valley had an evil reputation in later OT times because it was the site of Tophet, where parents made their children pass through the fire to Baal and Molech. 1999, p 182 "The sacrifices of children and the cult of Molech are associated with no other place than the Hinnom Valley. The valley is south of the city. Josephus' Description of Jerusalem . If the modern Bir Ayyub is En-rogel, then Wadi ar-Rababi, which begins there, is Hinnom. English "Gehenna" represents the Greek Geenna (Γέεννα) found in the New Testament, a phonetic transcription of Aramaic Gēhannā (ܓܝܗܢܐ),[5] equivalent to the Hebrew Ge Hinnom, literally "Valley of Hinnom". Therefore, the Water-gate led into the valley of Kedron: but the Horse-gate into the valley of Hinnom, at that place touching on the valley of Kedron. Valley of Hinnom, c. 1900. The exact location of the Valley of Hinnom is disputed. Below is the account provided in Easton's Bible Dictionary: Gehenna: ... punished with eternal torment" -Josephus Wars 2.8.14. The Mishnah names seven Biblical individuals who do not get a share in Olam Ha-Ba: Jeroboam, Ahab, Menasseh, Doeg the Edomite, Ahitophel, Balaam, and Gehazi. Josephus has been understood to derive it from the Greek word ... Higher up the Valley of Hinnom is a large and very ancient pool, now called the Sultan's (Birket-es-Sultan), from the fact that it was repaired, and adorned with a handsome fountain, by Sultan Suliman Ibn-Selim, 1520--1566, the builder of the present city-wall. n. 11. 7:32). [2] Thereafter, it was deemed to be cursed (Book of Jeremiah 7:31, 19:2–6).[3]. As can be seen by the contour lines of constant elevation, the steepest gradients are on the south of the city, where the deep Kidron and Hinnom valleys rise sharply to the Upper City on the Western Hil, the Lower City just below, and to the Temple Mount (Moriah), separated from the rest of the city by a central valley that Josephus calls the Tyropean Valley. There is some debate whether the idea of the garbage tip was located here, as Josephus omits references to this tradition. The valley of the sons of Hinnom was a delightful vale, planted with trees, watered by fountains, and lying near Jerusalem, on the southeast, by the brook Kidron. The traditional explanation that a burning rubbish heap in the Valley of Hinnom south of Jerusalem gave rise to the idea of a fiery Gehenna of judgment is attributed to Rabbi David Kimhi's commentary on Psalms 27:13 (ca. 28:3; 33:6; Neh. The term is used 11 times in these writings. Day denies it (85). Jeremiah predicted that God would visit the place with such awful destruction because of its wickedness that it would become known as the “valley of Slaughter” (Jer 7:31-34). The King James Version is the only English translation in modern use to translate Sheol, Hades, Tartarus (Greek ταρταρώσας; lemma: ταρταρόω tartaroō), and Gehenna as Hell. [citation needed] Unlike Gehenna, Hades typically conveys neither fire nor punishment but forgetfulness. "Dictionary and Word Search for geenna (Strong's 1067), "G5590 - psychē - Strong's Greek Lexicon (NKJV)", "G1067 - geenna - Strong's Greek Lexicon (KJV)", "BibleGateway - : hell [search] -- New American Bible (Revised Edition) (NABRE), 4th Edition", Short guide to today's Valley of Hinnom, with biblical story, Columbia Encyclopedia on the Valley of Hinnom, Biblical Proper Names on the Valley of Hinnom, What is Gehenna Like? The Gate Miphkad: the Vulgar calls it, The Gate of Judgment.5. The city of Jerusalem was fortified with three walls, on such parts as were not encompassed with unpassable valleys; for in such places it had but one wall. Gehenna /ɡɪˈhɛnə/; from Ancient Greek: Γέεννα, Geenna from Hebrew: גֵּי בֶן־הִנֹּם‎, Modern: gei ben-Hinnom, Tiberian: gē ben-Hinnṓm, also Hebrew: גֵי־הִנֹּם‎, Modern: gei-Hinnom, Tiberian: gē-Hinnṓm; Mishnaic Hebrew: גהנום‎/גהנם‎, Gehinnam/Gehinnom. There is some debate whether the idea of the garbage tip was located here, as Josephus omits references to this tradition. Smith (1907),[8] Dalman (1930),[9] Bailey (1986)[10] and Watson (1992)[11] identify the Wadi ar-Rababi, which fits the description of Joshua that Hinnom valley ran east to west and lay outside the city walls. It is a valley just outside Jerusalem. by, II Kings 23:10; Jer.

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