The building was badly damaged by an earthquake in 1999 (yes, more than 15 years ago) and has been firmly shut for restoration ever since. The fortress-like building, with a conical roof and four corner towers, stands south of the Old City’s Zion Gate. The Crucifixion: Resurrection: At the Dormition of the Mother of God: Angel to receive the soul of the Mother of God: Prophet Sophonia: St. Bacchus: Damages to Mosaics due to the Turkish occupation: See also: Orthodox Images of the Christ. Abbey of Bellevaux in France, added the cloister and twin arches of the facade “The two letters B. Inatii missa S. Joanni, written about 370, show that the Blessed Virgin passed the remainder of her days at Jerusalem. 1090-1100. angels and prophets. Church of the Dormition, Monastery of Daphni, Greece. Christ Pantocrator, Central Dome, Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece, c. 1080–1100 CE. This Monastery is from the Byzantine era of Greece. The hill of Mount Zion, the highest point in ancient Jerusalem, is dominated by the Church of the Dormition. he almost looks Middle-Eastern here, with the heavy black beard, moustache and eyebrows. VS4560176. 12 Mosaics of Daphni Monastery, Greece. . *Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece. Dome of Church of the Dormition (Seetheholyland.net). The cloisonné style of masonry consists of rectangular blocks of stone separated or framed on all four sides by bricks. : A Global History, http://www.haidari.gr/Default.aspx?tabid=615, Gothic Art in Germany & the Holy Roman Empire. Greece, the other two being the church of Hosios (the Blessed) Lucas in Phokis and that of the New Monastery in the island of Chios. Crucifixion, mosaic in the church of the Dormition. Dormition = Latin for "to sleep"
refers to ascension to heaven of the Virgin Mary at the moment of death. The windows are set off from the cloisonné work by arched frames made of brick. “There was never any tradition connecting Mary’s death and burial with the city of Ephesus.”. The Monastery of Daphni, Athens. It was defined as a doctrine of the Catholic Church by Pope Pius XII in 1950. Church of the Nutrition (Sisters of Nazareth). 1090–1100: Term [image] Definition. #gallery-1 .gallery-caption { margin: auto; border: 2px solid #cfcfcf; in their own Gothic style. The Assumption of Mary has been a subject of Christian art for centuries (and its feast day was made a public holiday in England by King Alfred the Great in the 9th century). granulation; A free resource for students and teachers, created by Dr. James Terry. Greece, the other two being the church of Hosios (the Blessed) Lucas in Phokis and that of the New Monastery in the island of Chios. /* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes/media.php */, All content © 2021, See the Holy Land | Site by, . . 1100) when an austere and hieratic manner typical for the Macedonian period and represented by the famous Christ Pantocrator image inside the dome, was metamorphosing into a more intimate and delicate style..’ Comparison - Ottonian. The Monastery of Daphni in Athens: The Monastery of Daphni is located on the northwestern side of Athens, in the area of Haidari. Mary the Virgin very sad with large bags as well as John the baptist standing next to him. In the centuries since it was built the church had been damaged by many earthquakes. Dec 17, 2012 - Pantocrator (central section of dome); dome mosaic at the Church of the Dormition at Daphni, Greece; c. 1100; LIght from the windows illuminates the rainbow circle. LINK for more images of the monastery's mosaics. The church was again used as a barracks, and Dec 17, 2012 - Pantocrator (central section of dome); dome mosaic at the Church of the Dormition at Daphni, Greece; c. 1100; LIght from the windows illuminates the rainbow circle. The Cistercian monks, who came from the #gallery-1 .gallery-item { This is an 11th Century mosaic from the Church of Dormition, Daphne, Greece. Open: Mon-Fri 8.30-11.45am, 12.40-5.30pm; Sat 8.30-11.45am, 12.40-2.45pm, 3.30-5.30pm; Sun 10.30-11.45am, 12.30-5.30pm, #gallery-1 { Scenes from His life were placed at The location is identified in Christian tradition as the place where the Virgin … The fores Crucifixion of the Christ. )it's interesting seeing a different depiction of Christ than the typical Caucasian/European style we see in Renaissance artwork. Previous Post Greek cross Next Post X-ray style. LINK for more images of the monastery's mosaics. Nearby soars the bell tower of the Hagia Maria Sion Abbey (formerly the Abbey of the Dormition), a Benedictine monastery. Daphni Medieval Monastery, Athens, Greece Sacred Destinations Article. Crucifixion, mosaic in the north arm of the east wall of the Church of the Dormition - Daphni, Greece - 1090-1100/Middle Byzantine - Greek - mosaic-The Daphni Crucifixion is a subtle blend of Hellenistic style and the more abstract Byzantine manner. c. 1100. Apostles at the death of Mary, in the Church of the Dormition (Seetheholyland.net). The statue is made of cherry wood and ivory. officially deconsecrated (1821). } The dome and apse symbolize heaven, Church of the Dormition, Monastery of Daphni, Greece. According to the Acts of St John by Prochurus, written (160-70) by Lencius, the Evangelist went to Ephesus accompanied by Prochurus alone and at a very advanced age, i.e. Wikipedia gives more detail: ‘ The church houses the best preserved complex of mosaics from the early Komnenian period (ca. Daphni Monastery is one of the great masterpieces of the Byzantine Empire, especially famed for its beautiful interior mosaics. Blood dripping on the reported site of the burial of Adam or the rock of Gulgatha. Yet very little has been published on its mosaics in the past 60 years, and the program of decoration has never been evaluated. Christ Pantokrator at Crest of Central Dome. margin-left: 0; Many believed it was the site of Adam’s burial and of the Crucifixion. Virginis (fourth century) place her tomb at Gethsemane . Search for: Recent Comments. The land on which the Church of the Dormition stands was given in 1898 by the Turkish Sultan Abdul Hamid II to Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, who presented it to the Catholic Church. Jim Terry on Glossary; 1090-1100. The belief that the Virgin Mary was bodily assumed into heaven is mentioned in the above books and also in authenticated sermons by Eastern saints such as St Andrew of Crete and St John of Damascus. It is situated near the forest of the same name, on the Sacred Way that led to Eleusis. century). The early sources are summarised in this way by the Catholic Encyclopedia: “The apocryphal works of the second to the fourth century are all favourable to the Jerusalem tradition. 1096. I also wonder if there isn't some sort of defect in the dome to give it that bump that makes it imperfect. Generally speaking, in Medieval eastern roman church art and architecture, an iconic mosaic or fresco of Christ Pantokrator occupies the space in the central dome of the church, in the half-dome of the apse, or on the nave vault. 250 years. vw-20100401-1. . A short drive outside of modern Athens lies the Daphni Monastery, a UNESCO World heritage site with renowned glittering golden Byzantine mosaics…but like much of modern religion, it has its roots in ancient times and pagan traditions. Two Frankish dukes of Athens, Otho de la Roche and Walter de Brienne, It was abandoned during the Slav Daphni or Dafni (Modern Greek: Δαφνί; Katharevousa: Δαφνίον, Daphnion) is an eleventh-century Byzantine monastery eleven kilometers (6.8 miles) northwest of central Athens in the suburb of Chaidari, south of Athinon Avenue (GR-8A). mosaics (visual works) Still Image. Random Glossary term. Inspiration to see the planet. the upper parts of walls and the drums of the arms of the cross. 1090–1100: Term [image] Definition. Dafní or Daphní is an 11th-century Byzantine monastery 11 km north-west of downtown Athens in Chaidari, south of Athinon Avenue (GR-8A). It is situated near the forest of the same name, on the Sacred Way that led to Eleusis. The Monastery has beautiful tall windows that were typical of the era. The lovely tall grey building is certainly worth a visit. Random Glossary term. Interior of Saint Mark’s (view facing east) Venice, Italy begun 1063: Although we know nothing about either date or their origin, according to A. Grabar the theoretical place occupied by Daphni in the history of Byzantine painting can be found thanks to stylistic similarities For the research component of the Art History 111 course, I decided to do it on the mosaic “Crucifixion”. This more elaborate structure defines a hierarchy of volumes and functions and permits the implementation of an extensive iconographic and decorative plan. If the upper floor of the Church of the Dormition is luminous, the circular crypt seems totally shrouded when first entered. Sadly, the church has been width: 33%; Description Christ the Almighty is a dome mosaic dating back to the 11th century located in the Church of Dormition in Daphni, Greece. Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece. Daphni is a modern name that means Laurel Grove. Only one of the ancient columns remains today, as the Earl of Elgin (of Elgin Marbles fame) eventually plundered the rest. Ca. The contrast between the light color of the stone blocks of the cloisonné and the red bricks around the windows, and the orange roof create a sophisticated and understated elegance. The dome above the statue is adorned with mosaic pictures of six women of the Old Testament: Eve, Miriam, Jael, Judith, Ruth and Esther. Crucifixion, mosaic in the Church of the Dormition Daphni, Greece ca. The Eastern Orthodox churches celebrate the feast of the Dormition of the Mother of God on August 15, the same day that the Catholic Church and some Protestant churches celebrate the feast of the Assumption of Mary. The location is identified in Christian tradition as the place where the Virgin Mary died — or “fell asleep”, as the name suggests. Previous Post Greek cross Next Post X-ray style. . Monastery Church of the Dormition at Daphni. Two cities, Jerusalem and Ephesus (in present-day Turkey), claim to be the place where the Virgin Mary died. But the earliest traditions all locate the end of Mary’s life in Jerusalem, where the Tomb of Mary is venerated at the foot of the Mount of Olives. The eleventh-century church of the Dormition (Koimesis) of the Virgin at Daphni on the outskirts of Athens is one of the most famous Byzantine monuments known, appearing even in general histories of art. Cristo pantocrator, (Christ as ruler of all), central dome, Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece, c.1080-1100 (Byzantine icon Submitted by haftr on Wed, 2007-01-24 19:57. The Worship of God - the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, - is fundamental to the life and spirit of the Orthodox Church. Profile. The sanctuary was chosen as the site for a monastery, incorporating the ancient temple columns into the Byzantine church structure. level is occupied by saints. The Daphni Monastery was built on the grounds of Apollo’s sanctuary which had been previously destroyed. The Dormition Church has a fine organ, which is often used for concerts. returned Daphni to Greek Orthodox monks, but Daphni was not a functioning Pantocrator = (‘Ruler of the Universe’ or ‘Ruler of All’) but usually applied after Mary’s death. Ca. Here, Christ is depicted with a stern face that intensely gazes upon visitors that are looking up towards the dome mosaic. Church of the Dormition. earthquakes since its construction. Crucifixion, Mosaic in the North Arm of the East Wall of the Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece, ca. Its best-known mosaic is probably that in the dome, an awesome Pantokrator (‘Ruler of All’), the half-length image of a sombre and majestic Christ, right hand blessing, left hand holding a book, looking down in the worshippers in the church. 1. built here, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Daphni Monastery - Dafní or Daphní is an 11th-century Byzantine monastery 11 km north-west of downtown Athens in Chaidari, south of Athinon Avenue (GR-8A). Church of the Dormition. (1090-1100) History: In the 6th century, a small Christian monastery was built here, dedicated to the The icon of Christ Pantokrator is one of the most common religious images of Orthodox Christianity. Gates of Daphni Monastery. mosaic in the Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece, ca. The forest covers about 18 km (7 sq mi), and surrounds a laurel grove. It was originally built in the 6th century but it has received many additions through time. 1090–1100. “From the earliest times, tradition has assigned the authorship of the prototype to one Lucius Carinus, said to have been a disciple and fellow labourer with St John the Evangelist.”. These books are described as apocryphal (meaning “hidden” or “secret”). Accounts of Mary’s death in Jerusalem appear in early sources such as De Orbitu S. Dominae, Transitus Mariae and Liber Requiei Mariae. Mosaics produced during Byzantium’s second golden age. 1080-1100. (a western Catholic order) in 1211. invasions of the 7th and 8th centuries, then rebuilt on a much grander scale Late 11th century. Daphni preserves traces of 12th and 13th Search for: Recent Comments. (1090-1100). granulation; A free resource for students and teachers, created by Dr. James Terry. According to Tripadvisor travelers, these are the best ways to experience The Monastery of Daphni: Ancient Corinth and Daphni Monastery Half-Day Tour from Athens (From $75.65) Byzantine Monasteries around Athens in style and luxury (From $649.01) Best of Athens Half Day Private Tour (From $195.23) Daphni, Greece. High above the main altar is a mosaic of Mary and the infant Jesus. Post navigation. Hossios Luckas and Daphni are more complex: they have a central octagonal space surrounded by a series of bays that form a square. This monastery was built on the site of an ancient Greek temple dedicated to Apollo Daphneos. margin-top: 10px; Daphni Monastery Login Here. Cristo pantocrator, (Christ as ruler of all), central dome, Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece, c.1080-1100 (Byzantine icon Submitted by haftr on Wed, 2007-01-24 19:57. Post navigation. Crucifixion, mosaic in the church of the Dormition; Crucifixion, mosaic in the church of the Dormition . Built by the Emperor Constantine, it was regarded as the Mother of all Churches. Take a tour of the The Monastery of Daphni, Greece to visit historic site in Athens. Although we know nothing about either date or their origin, according to A. Grabar the theoretical place occupied by Daphni in the history of Byzantine painting can be found thanks to stylistic similarities Virgin Mary is placed in the semi- dome of the But, according to biblical scholar Lino Cignelli, “All of them are traceable back to a single primitive document, a Judaeo-Christian prototype, clearly written within the mother church of Jerusalem some time during the second century, and, in all probability, composed for liturgical use right at the Tomb of Our Lady. Interior of the Church of the Dormition (looking into the dome), Daphni, Greece, ca. Byzantine construction common to so many churches in Greece. Their authenticity is uncertain and they are not accepted as part of the Christian canon of Scripture. Daphni Monastery was a Cistercian monastery for almost My account; Log out; Log in; Start planning; Trip Planner: Europe / Greece / Attica / Athens / The Monastery of Daphni. Identifier. Like the Crusader church that preceded it, the basilica is built on two levels with the high altar and monastic choir on the upper of these, and the crypt with its Marian shrine on the lower. The Daphni dome rests on an octagon formed by squinches, which play the same role as pendentives in making the transition from a square base to a round dome, but create a different visual effect. . 12-23: Crucifixion, mosaic in the Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece, ca. your guide to visiting the holy places. I had to do a double-take; at first the outside of the building looked like the ruins of a basilica I saw over in Rome (probably because I was tired, but I digress. Roman and Byzantine Art Daphni is a cross in square church. It is an awe-inspiring image and a powerful evocation of his promised judgment. The eleventh-century church of the Dormition (Koimesis) of the Virgin at Daphni on the outskirts of Athens is one of the most famous Byzantine monuments known, appearing even in general histories of art. monks from the 16th century until the War of Independence, when it was Type. https://historyfangirl.com/unesco-world-heritage-monastery-daphni-greece During the 1967 Six Day War, Israeli forces took possession of the building and the Mother and Child mosaic in the apse received a barrage of machine-gun bullets from the interior of the church. Focus on the first and last paragraph of his writing. Mary and Jesus mosaic in the Church of the Dormition (Seetheholyland.net). Jul 2, 2018 - #eastern #architecture MOSAIC: Crucifixion, Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece. The windows especially are very beautifully constructed. apse, as a link between people and God. By: Theodora Efthymiou, Rachel Kang, Julie Stukey. Mosaic. barracks. The Christ Pantocrator is a bust-length mosaic that fills the central dome of the church. Crucifixion, c. 1100 CE, Mosaic Church of Dormition, Daphni, Greece Read John of Damascus’ writing On Holy Images. Founded on the site of a Greek temple, it is now a museum and World Heritage Site. St John of Damascus describes the origin of this belief in these words: “St Juvenal, Bishop of Jerusalem, at the Council of Chalcedon [AD 451], made known to the Emperor Marcian and Pulcheria, who wished to possess the body of the Mother of God, that Mary died in the presence of all the apostles, but that her tomb, when opened, upon the request of St Thomas [who arrived late], was found empty; wherefrom the apostles concluded that the body was taken up to heaven.”. Source. Roman and Byzantine Art Compare this with the one in Monreale. 1080-1100. 23 Church of the Dormition Monastery at Daphni near Alanni 525 Daphni Greece from HIST 29 at University of California, Los Angeles } According to Damascus in what way do images teach people about religion and spirituality? The artwork is a mosaic on the inner walls of the church. The University at Buffalo Libraries digital collections encompass a wide variety of formats, including photographs, print materials, audio recordings, artworks, artifacts and other resources. The Virgin Mary and Saint John point to Christ on the cross as if to a devotional object. In the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the church was seriously damaged by military bombardment. This Church is interesting in that he introduced classic Italian elements on the exterior and the interior displays a Tuscan order and groin vaults. Yet very little has been published on its mosaics in the past 60 years, and the program of decoration has never been evaluated. MRC Visual Resources Collection. 1090-1100. Gardner's Art through the Ages: A Global History. This mosaic is a subtle blend of Hellenistic style and the more abstract Byzantine manner. Daphni, Greece. Jesus Christ. Daphni, Greece - Church of the Dormition, (creation) Object Type: documents; diagrams; illustrations Technique: drawing Culture: Greek (ancient) Style Period: Greek (ancient) - Accession Number: 06_000372 WorkID: 4230 Resource: 4230_06_000372.jpg Collection: FAAH Collection. Download ← Previous Item Next Item → Title. The Ephesus claim rests in part on the Gospel account that Christ on his cross entrusted the care of Mary to St John (who later went to Ephesus). around, The monastery repeatedly suffered from invaders and It is situated near the forest of the same name, on the Sacred Way that led to Eleusis. Christ as Pantokrator, dome mosaic in the Church of the Dormition Daphni, Greece ca. which is why 
Christ the Pantocrator occupies the dome and is surrounded by It was given to the. Christ as Pantokrator, dome mosaic in the Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greec… The lowest Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece. Church of the Dormition Chirst Pantocrator c. 1080 Daphni, Greece. later as a lunatic asylum (1883-85). In the 6th century, a small Christian monastery was Above were angels that would be shown agitated and in grief. The forest covers about 15 to 20 km². The church of the Assumption of Virgin Mary, which is found in the old town, was erected between the 10th and the 11th century on the ruins of an old Cristian basilica church. The mosaics produced during Byzantium's second golden age at Daphni, near Athens, fared better than those of the Hosios Loukas Katholikon. Nea Moni illustrates the simplest expression, an octagonal church with no added spaces. Christ's face appears worn & deeply lined in sorrow and suffering. 4.3 #24 of 64 in Historic Sites in Athens. There is interesting art-work inside and the byzantine exteriors are also rather impressive. The church is around 7 miles from Athens. Christ Pantokrator, mosaic in central dome, Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece, c. 1080-1100 Diskobolos (Discus Thrower) , Roman marble copy after a bronze original of c. 450 BCE by Myron Porch of the Maidens , Erechtheion, Acropolis, Athens, 421-405 BCE Light from several large windows pours into the upper level, and colourful wall mosaics depict events from Christian and Benedictine history. Virgin (Theotokos) and Child enthroned, apse mosaic, Hagia Sophia, Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey, dedicated 867. In AD 614 it was destroyed by the Persians. That of Dionysius the Areopagite to the Bishop Titus (363), the Joannis liber de Dormitione Mariae (third to fourth century), and the treatise De transitu B.M. float: left; The art work is part of many mosaics that were created in the Church of the Dormition at Daphni neat Athens, Greece. The way the Virgin Mary and Saint John point to Christ on the cross may mean that they point to it as a devotional object. The altar and all the tiny architectural details have interesting stories attached to them so do visit this one with a guide so as to understand these aspects. It comes from the office of Vespers, and it expresses the attitude which is at the heart of Orthodoxy. monastery during the Turkish occupation; for a time it was used as army text-align: center; c. 1100. archaeology & arts video and article. The exterior of the church has a cloisonné style, which is very common for middle Byzantine churches in Greece. Christ as the After the Ottoman Turks took Athens in 1458, they Jun 20, 2012 - cupola with close-up of the mosaic. In the centre, under a rotunda, is a simple bier on which rests a life-size statue of Mary, fallen asleep in death. The Daphni Monastery (Μωνη Δαφνιου; also spelled Dafni Monastery) is an 11th-century Byzantine monastery outside Athens. BERNARDUS GELDUINUS, Christ in Majesty,relief in the ambulatory of Saint-Sernin, Toulouse, France, ca. 12-23: Crucifixion, mosaic in the Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece, ca. Jesus Christ as Pantocrator is a mosaic dating back to 1080-1100 that sits in the main dome of the Church of Dormition in Daphni, Greece (Herbert, 20). Crucifixion, c. 1100 CE,Mosaic, Church of Dormition, Daphni, Greece The Byzantine monk and priest, John of Damascus wrote a book, On Holy Images that can be used to assess the wall mosaic of the Crucifixion More specifically the image reflects the concepts and themes addressed by Damascus including but not limited to: spiritual teachings, memory records, the written word and the visible object } Daphni, Greece - Church of the Dormition, (discovery) Object Type: architectural elements; arches Technique: construction Culture: Greek Style Period: Byzantine Art - Accession Number: 06_000415 WorkID: 3633 Resource: 3633_06_000415.jpg Collection: FAAH Collection. Date Created. The monastery was again occupied by Greek Orthodox Christ in his role as Last Judge of humankind. #gallery-1 img { Monastery Church, Daphni The Latin inscription below it is from Isaiah 7:14: “Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.”, Lifesize image of Mary in death, in the Church of the Dormition (Seetheholyland.net). Photo: Helen Miles Mosaics. } The skull at the foot of the cross symbolizes Golgotha, the “place of the skull,” a hill outside Jerusalem. What's the same and what is different? By the reckoning of Transitus Mariae, Mary would have been aged no more than 50 at the time of her death. Get the Reviews, Ratings, location, contact details & timings. The Monastery of the Dormition of the Mother of God (Koimisi tis Theotokou) in Daphni, is a major Greek religious monument, a pearl of the byzantine art, dating back to the end of the 11th century: the monastery’s exquisitely designed cross-in-square domed octagon-shaped katholikon has been lavishly decorated. This invitation marks the beginning of each day for the Orthodox Church. Identify the two kinds of images that Damascus describes and discuss the function that they serve. His work is found elsewhere in New York, and he was especially distinguished in the Greek and Gothic Revival styles. were buried in its church. The mosaics produced during Byzantium's second golden age at Daphni, near Athens, fared better than those of the Hosios Loukas Katholikon. Otto III enthroned, the Gospel Book of Otto III, from Reichenau, Germany, 997–1000. Construction was completed in 1910. "Daphni" is the modern Greek name that means "laurel grove", derived from Daphneion (Lauretum). Whatever the sign and online opening hours might say, the church is closed. The church was built within an ancient enclosure wall. Sum up your discussion of Byzantine art by reinforcing its crucial role in the transition from the classical world to the eve of Romanesque and Gothic artistic innovation. Subject. The mosaic is constructed of glass tesserae which was commonly used in byzantine mosaics to create a glimmering effect as well … This Christ figure can be found in a church in Greece. Christ as Pantokrator Church of the Dormition Daphne, Greece 1090-1100 Dome mosaic Both externally and internally, the church … 1090-1100. Later, an outer narthex was added with a second floor which housed the library or the abbot's living quarters. During the Byzantine period, the Church of Hagia Sion (Holy Zion), one of the three earliest churches in Jerusalem, stood on this site. Jul 2, 2018 - #eastern #architecture MOSAIC: Crucifixion, Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece. This piece dates back to 1090-1100, and is located in the Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece. 1090-1100. Dome of Church of the Dormition (Seetheholyland.net) The hill of Mount Zion, the highest point in ancient Jerusalem, is dominated by the Church of the Dormition. The Monastery of the Dormition of the Mother of God (Koimisi tis Theotokou) in Daphni, is a major Greek religious monument, a pearl of the byzantine art, dating back to the end of the 11th century: the monastery’s exquisitely designed cross-in-square domed octagon-shaped katholikon has … It highlights the popular Byzantine style of the age. If you have found See the Holy Land helpful and would like to support our work, please make a secure donation. century paintings, while the church has post-Byzantine paintings (17th Christ's face appears worn & deeply lined in sorrow and suffering.

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