As a result, potassium iodide … A saturated solution of KI (SSKI) is typically given orally in adult doses several times a day (5 drops of SSKI assumed to be ​1⁄3 mL) for thyroid blockade (to prevent the thyroid from excreting thyroid hormone) and occasionally this dose is also used, when iodide is used as an expectorant (the total dose is about one gram KI per day for an adult). This is 100% weight/volume (note units of mass concentration) of KI (one gram KI per mL solution), which is possible because SSKI is significantly more dense than pure water—about 1.67 g/mL. Potassium iodide in its raw form is a mild irritant and should be handled with gloves. [3], Potassium iodide is used as a nutritional supplement in animal feeds and also in the human diet. Contents. Bromine trifluoride rapidly attacks potassium iodide [Mellor 2, Supp. 6 References. 1956]. Structure, properties, spectra, suppliers and links for: Potassium iodide, 7681-11-0. [15][17], Product labeling for diagnostic iodine-131 iobenguane recommends potassium iodide administration one day before injection and continuing 5 to 7 days following administration, in keeping with the much longer half-life of this isotope and its greater danger to the thyroid. U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved dosing of potassium iodide for this purpose with iobenguane, is as follows (per 24 hours): infants less than 1 month old, 16 mg; children 1 month to 3 years, 32 mg; children 3 years to 18 years, 65 mg; adults 130 mg.[14] However, some sources recommend alternative dosing regimens. [51] Potassium iodide may also be administered pharmaceutically for thyroid storm. [5] While use during pregnancy may harm the baby, its use is still recommended in radiation emergencies. KI (potassium iodide) is a salt of stable (not radioactive) iodine that can help block radioactive iodine from being absorbed by the thyroid gland, thus protecting this gland from radiation injury. Silver iodide is also used to seed clouds to induce rain. 1:164, 165. This effect is due to the formation of the triiodide ion, which is brown: I − + I 2 ⇌ I − 3 Redox, including antioxidant properties. [2] [3] As a medication it is used to treat hyperthyroidism, in radiation emergencies, and to protect the thyroid gland when certain types of radiopharmaceuticals are used. Belongs to the Following Reactive Group(s) Chemical oxygen demand (COD) ThOD Potassium Iodide (7681 -11 -0) Persistence and degradability Not established. Like other iodide salts, KI forms I3− when combined with elemental iodine. This concentration of iodide allows the calculation of the iodide dose per drop, if one knows the number of drops per milliliter. Physical Properties. Sinks and mixes with water. [36][37] For example: KI, acting as a source of iodide, may also act as a nucleophilic catalyst for the alkylation of alkyl chlorides, bromides, or mesylates. Potassium Iodide (7681 -11 -0) Persistence and degradability Not established. The ingestion of goitrogen drugs is, much like potassium iodide also not without its dangers, such as hypothyroidism. Its properties are similar to those for related salts, such as calcium chloride.It is used in photography. 1956]. KI is a component in some disinfectants and hair treatment chemicals. Iodine has a melting point of 113.5°C, a boiling point of 184.35°C, a specific gravity of 4.93 for its solid state at 20°C, a gas density of 11.27 g/l, with a valence of 1, 3, 5, or 7. The key difference between iodine and potassium iodide is that iodine is a chemical element whereas potassium iodide is a chemical compound. For reasons noted above, therapeutic drops of SSKI, or 130 mg tablets of KI as used for nuclear fission accidents, are not used as nutritional supplements, since an SSKI drop or nuclear-emergency tablet provides 300 to 700 times more iodine than the daily adult nutritional requirement. 106 In 40 CFR §180.940, residues of chemical substances (such as potassium iodide) are exempted from the 107 requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an Due to its high potassium content, SSKI is extremely bitter, and if possible it is administered in a sugar cube or small ball of bread. With pure water, the concentration of KI in the solution depends only on the temperature. Chemical properties of potassium iodide Potassium iodide appears as a colorless or white cubic crystals or granules with a density of 3.12 g/cm 3 and molecular weight of 166.0028 g/mol. 5th Edition. On the other hand, iodine is also a chemical element with the symbol (I) which has atomic number 53. Within ten years of the accident, it became clear that thyroid damage caused by released radioactive iodine was virtually the only adverse health effect that could be measured. Potassium iodide behaves as a simple ionic salt, K + I −. Recommended Use: Potassium Iodide is an inorganic halogenated salt that is used inpolymer industry in improving structural properties 1-2. [citation needed], There is reason for caution with prescribing the ingestion of high doses of potassium iodide and iodate, as their unnecessary use can cause conditions such as the Jod-Basedow phenomena, trigger and/or worsen hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, and then cause temporary or even permanent thyroid conditions. An example of such a reaction is provided below. Potassium iodide is also not recommended for people with dermatitis herpetiformis and hypocomplementemic vasculitis – conditions that are linked to a risk of iodine sensitivity. Potassium iodate is an ionic chemical compound that consists of K + ions and IO 3-ions in a 1:1 ratio. More severe side effects that require notification of a physician are: fever, weakness, unusual tiredness, swelling in the neck or throat, mouth sores, skin rash, nausea, vomiting, stomach pains, irregular heartbeat, numbness or tingling of the hands or feet, or a metallic taste in the mouth. However, adolescents approaching adult size (i.e., >70 kg [154 lbs]) should receive the full adult dose (130 mg) for maximal block of thyroid radioiodine uptake. 12.3. In 2017, the Dutch government distributed pills to hundreds of thousands of residents who lived within a certain distance of nuclear power plants and met some other criteria. Iodine, silver iodide, and potassium iodide are used in photography. In the same study, the chromosome damage effects of potassium iodide were evaluated in vitro using cytokinesis-block micronucleus test at concentration of 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mM. Over 11,000 cases have already been reported. It is used mainly in the form of a saturated solution, 100 g potassium iodide to 100 ml water. ThyroShield is currently not in production. 1272/2008 nor Directive 67/548/EEC. Thyroid iodine uptake blockade with potassium iodide is used in nuclear medicine scintigraphy and therapy with some radioiodinated compounds that are not targeted to the thyroid, such as iobenguane (MIBG), which is used to image or treat neural tissue tumors, or iodinated fibrinogen, which is used in fibrinogen scans to investigate clotting. "[40], Chernobyl also demonstrated that the need to protect the thyroid from radiation was greater than expected. [46][47], As of 2020, potassium iodide tablets are made available free of charge for all residents in all pharmacies throughout the country. .. Potassium iodide is a chemical compound, medication, and dietary supplement. 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