Types of insecticides • Two principal means of classification, based on: - How they get to the insect. The solvents used most com-monly are xylene, the petroleum oils, and cy-clohexanone. Insecticides plays a pivotal role in pest management, Mode of action of insecticides is very important toxicological aspects to be clearly understood to develop a strategic plan against pests. avoid insect immune responses4. phostoxin For Insecticides pesticides are insect s ex pheromones (act by interfering in mating), a range of aroma tic plant ex tracts (wor k by attractin g insect p ests into trap s). These syn-thetic active ingredients may have been designed by a chemist or discovered through screening processes by exam-ining chemicals generated by various For example, insecticides are pesticides that target insects, and herbicides target plants. Systemic – This type of insecticide is introduced into the soil for it to get absorbed by the plant roots. How-ever, before an oil-in-water emulsion can be prepared, the insecticide must be in liquid form. The use of fungal entomopathogens as alternative to insecticide or combined application of insecticide with fungal entomopathogens could be very useful for insecticide resistant management5. There are many more examples (acaricides target ticks, nematocides target nematodes, etc. *They bind at a specific site, the nicotinic receptor, and there are no records of cross-resistance to the carbamate, organophosphate, or synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, thus making them important for management of insecticide All effective insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategies seek to minimise the selection of resistance to any one type of insecticide. - Chemical nature of the toxicant. The insecticides listed in parentheses will add some control to the situation, but the one in the heading will be as effective or more effective in controlling the pest. However, the vast majority of active ingredients used today are produced in laboratories. Insecticides that are solids and those that are viscous liquids must first be dissolved in an organic solvent. Once the insecticide enters the roots, it moves to external areas such as leaves, fruits, twigs, and branches. Still others have a mineral origin (e.g., copper and sulfur). They are. Types of insecticides. 15.2 Insecticide-treated mosquito nets or curtains..... 99 15.3 Household insecticide products..... 100 15.3.1 Types of household insecticide products..... 100 15.3.2 Household insecticide products and public health 103 Annex.Pesticide application rates and conversion factors.. 104 In practice, alternations, sequences or rotations of compounds from different MoA groups provide sustainable and effective IRM for insect and mite pests. Entomopathogenic fungi may be applied in the form of conidia or mycelium which sporulates after application. Dipel Systemic –This type of insecticide is transported within the plant and kill insects when they suck sap or eat parts of the plant e.g ….. • Fumigant- kill insects that inhale toxic vapours of the chemical e.g. Type of Formulations Emulsifiable concentrates (EC) Wettable powders (WP) Dusts Granular pesticides Pesticides nomenclature 1 1 3 4 4 7 7 7 7 Calculation of Insecticide Dosage 9 Common expression of recommended dosages Common terms used in insecticide calculations Recommended dosages Calculations Summary 9 9 10 10 12 Neem-based insecticides have multiple effects: toxicity, growth regulator, and repellency. insect growth regulators). • Note that many products reach the insect in more than one way. Be sure to read the label. In insects, neonicotinoids cause paralysis which leads to death, often within a few hours. sions used today are the oil-in-water type. ), but it is important for the purposes of this report to note that 11 of the 12 pesti-cides of concern identified by OSAGWI are insecticides and/or acaricides. natural insecticide nicotine. There are three different types of insecticides. sprayed with insecticide e.g. The Some products may be available under a variety of trade names that are not listed in this table. 2.4.3.

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