While most people consider religion as universal and therefore, a significant institution of societies. endobj << The memorial of Jain seer Vijayanandsuri at Gujranwala is now a police station. /Contents 89 0 R [56] During Bahá'u'lláh's lifetime, as founder of the religion, he encouraged some of his followers to move to the area that is current-day Pakistan. /Resources << /ExtGState 110 0 R >> >> [66], Buddhism has an ancient history in Pakistan; currently there is a small community of at least 1500 Pakistani Buddhist in the country. endobj These newer migrants were to be called Parsi. endobj Barriers and Drivers of Solar Prosumage: A Case Study of Pakistan December 31, 2020. Gulu Lalvani, a famous Jain, was originally from Pakistan but he, like other Jains, emigrated from Pakistan. While most people consider religion as universal and therefore, a significant institution of societies. • Religion is play social control. Prezi’s Big Ideas 2021: Expert advice for the new year << Consequently, Ahmadis were declared non-Muslims by a parliamentary tribunal. /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] 10 0 obj /ExtGState 86 0 R Nearly all Pakistani Sunni Muslim… These individuals have their various needs which they want to be satisfied. In 1974, the government of Pakistan amended the Constitution of Pakistan to define a Muslim according to Qu'ran 33:40,[53] as a person who believes in finality of Prophet Muhammad under the Ordinance XX. [45] There are reports of Hindus being converted to Islam by force and threat. /Parent 1 0 R /Parent 1 0 R 14 0 obj << /Contents 72 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 [57], The Baháʼís in Pakistan have the right to hold public meetings, establish academic centers, teach their faith, and elect their administrative councils. >> Many Buddhist empires and city states existed, notably in Gandhara but also elsewhere in Taxila, Punjab and Sindh. [12][13] Christians also often face abuses of Pakistani blasphemy laws, notably in the case of Asia Bibi. /Font 28 0 R /XObject 74 0 R Nearly all Pakistani Sunni Muslims belong to the Hanafi Islamic school of thought, while a small number belong to the Hanbali school. Of the minority CNIC holders, 1,414,527 were Hindus (769,647 males and 644,880 females), 1,270,051 were Christians (731,713 males and 538,338 females), 125,681 were Ahmadi Muslims (63,479 males and 62,202 females), 33,734 were Baháʼís, 6,146 were Sikhs, 4,020 were Parsis, 1,492 were Buddhist and 66,898 were others (such as Kalasha Animists). [29] Pakistan has the second largest number of Muslims in the world after Indonesia. /ExtGState 82 0 R /Count 17 >> When the state initiated a full-fledged crackdown on atheism since 2017, it has become worse with secular bloggers being kidnapped and the government running advertisements urging people to identify blasphemers among them and the highest judges declaring such people to be terrorists.[76]. According to Ordinance XX, Ahmadis cannot call themselves Muslim or "pose as Muslims" which is punishable by three years in prison. /XObject 103 0 R endobj As of 2012, around 5,900,000 non-Muslim Pakistanis held a Computerised National Identity Card (CNIC card) from the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA), which can only be obtained by citizens over 18 years of age. Pakistan’s army and its intelligence agency, the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), have long been on top of the power structure in the country. … Religion provides explanations for why things happen and demystifies the ideas of birth and death. As an institution, religion persists over time and has an organizational structure into which members are socialized. It is the system of beliefs which provide the moral guideline to individuals with in a society. However Pakistan’s parliament blocked the bill. [74] They are particularly in the affluent areas of the larger cities. endobj Leave a Reply Cancel reply. The one in Peshawar still exists, although the building is not being used for any religious purpose. Religion plays an important role in the society. A number of languages are spoken in Pakistan. /Type /Page >> The roots of the religion in the region go back to the first days of the Bábí religion in 1844,[55] with Shaykh Sa'id Hindi who was from Multan. • Religion provides mental peace • Religion gives man comfort, strength and … /Resources << 12 0 obj endobj [16] The Pakistan Hindu Council puts the population at an estimated 8 million as of Oct 2019. /Font 75 0 R >> 5 0 obj Pakistani Christians mainly live in Punjab and in urban centres. • Religion promotes welfare. 17 0 obj /ExtGState 140 0 R Human race is reproduced in family. /Type /Page /Font 63 0 R 7 0 obj /Length 1623 [75] Many atheists in Pakistan have been lynched and imprisoned over unsubstantiated allegations of blasphemy. [27] NADRA makes it nearly impossible to declare and change the religion to anything from Islam making the statistics somewhat misleading.[28]. Greenwood Press . /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] : 'NADRA should not be deciding people's faith, "Heart of darkness: Shia resistance and revival in Pakistan", "An anthropological perspective on the mosque in Pakistan", "Mata Hinglaj Yatra: To Hingol, a pilgrimage to reincarnation", "10 Countries With the Largest Hindu Populations, 2010 and 2050", "With a handful of subbers, two newspapers barely keeping Gujarati alive in Karachi", "Hinduism - Hinduism under Islam (11th–19th century)", "Stories of forced conversion in Pakistan", "Forced conversions of Pakistani Hindu girls", "Forman Christian (F.C.) /Font 59 0 R 11th century) and Shahbaz Qalander in Sehwan, Sindh (ca. /Rotate 0 endobj This Backgrounder looks at how state support for Islamist militants has led to growing religious … /Contents 117 0 R [40] According to the 1998 Census,the Hindu population was found to be 2,111,271 (including 332,343 scheduled castes Hindus). Popular Sufi culture is centered on Thursday night gatherings at shrines and annual festivals which feature Sufi music and dance. While according to latest census of 2017, There are 4.4 million Hindus in Pakistan out of 207.68 million total population comprising 2.14% of the country's population of both General and Schedule caste. [27] With the flight of Zoroastrians from Greater Iran into India, the Parsi communities were established. There is also a Roman Catholic community in Karachi which was established by Goan and Tamil migrants when Karachi's infrastructure was being developed between the two World Wars. According to the 1998 census, people who did not state their religion accounted for 0.5% of the population, but social pressure against claiming no religion was strong. >> endobj /XObject 24 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R [58] Bahá'í sources claim their population to be around 30,000. Among them all, Urdu is the national language with a huge portion of speakers at 75%. Religion is a social institution that answers questions and explains the seemingly inexplicable. >> Only Muslims are allowed to become the President[21] or the Prime Minister. Religion is an integrative force in society because it has the power to shape collective beliefs. endobj )", "The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity", "Pakistan: Islamists angry at new law against forced conversions", https://tribune.com.pk/story/1719994/headcount-finalised-sans-third-party-audit%3famp=1, "The Constitution of Pakistan, Part I: Introductory", "The Constitution of Pakistan, Part II: Chapter 1: Fundamental Rights", "The Constitution of Pakistan, Part III: Chapter 1: The President", The Constitution of Pakistan, Notes for Part III, Chapter 3, "The Constitution of Pakistan, Part VII: Chapter 3A: Federal Shariat Court", "Justice Bhagwandas and some other non-Muslim Pak luminaries", "Pakistan's parliament blocks bill allowing non-Muslims to become country's PM, President", "Over 35,000 Buddhists, Baha'is call Pakistan home", "Losing your religion? The Baháʼí Faith in Pakistan begins previous to its independence when it was still under British colonial rule. /XObject 107 0 R /Font 67 0 R /Resources << /Pages 1 0 R >> As a social institution, religion is a pattern of social action organized around the beliefs and practices that people develop to answer questions about the meaning of existence. Like other social institutions, religion also arose from the intellectual power of man in response to certain felt needs of men. 15 0 obj The founding father of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, married Ratti Bai who belonged to a Parsi family before her conversion to Islam. /ExtGState 65 0 R /XObject 66 0 R However, the 4 million figure is the most quoted figure and is approximately 2.2% of the country. [33] Sufis and above mentioned Sunni and Shia sects are considered to be Muslims according to the Constitution of Pakistan. << Some were born in secular families while others in religious ones. [3][4][5][6][7] The remaining 4% practise Hinduism, Christianity, Ahmadiyya, Sikhism and other religions.[7][8]. /Type /Page Material goods and services are produced and distributed by economic institutions. /Resources << The eldest male, whether he is the father, grandfather, or paternal uncle, is the family leader and makes all significant decisions … Barring exceptions, religious behavior in Pakistan tends to be anti-change. ), and plays a key role in socialization. 9 0 obj The religious forces are for status quo as far as observance of rituals associated with religion is concerned. Functions of Religion • Religion is an agent of socialization. The role of religion in Pakistani society and politics finds its most visible expression in the Islamic Assembly ( Jamāʿat-i Islāmī) party. Functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionism all provide valuable ways for sociologists to understand religion. /Contents 21 0 R A PEW survey in 2012 found that 6% of Pakistani Muslims were Shia. Moreover, the Constitution sets up an Islamic Council, tasked with ensuring Islamic ideology is followed in governmental decisions, actions and policy making.[26]. /Parent 1 0 R SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS Social Institutions Social institutions have been created by man from social relationships in society to meet such basic needs as stability, law and order and clearly defined roles of authority and decision making. Jan. 15, 2021. Islam is the state religion of Pakistan, and about 95-98% of Pakistanis are Muslim. << Contemporary Islamic fundamentalists criticize its popular character, which in their view, does not accurately reflect the teachings and practice of the Prophet and his companions. << One Pakistani, Faisal Khalid (a.k.a. It is the foundation on … >> 19 0 obj /ExtGState 73 0 R [15], As per the census in 1998, there were less than 2.5 million Hindus in Pakistan. /Type /Page Founded in 1941 by Abū al-Aʿlā Mawdūdī (Maududi), one of the world’s foremost thinkers in Sunni revivalism, the party has long played a role in Pakistan’s political life and has continually advocated refashioning Pakistan as a chaste Islamic or … /Rotate 0 Pakistan has the second largest number of Muslims in the world after Indonesia. These estimations vary considerably from source to source, depending on methods of research and databases that were used. << The majority of Pakistani Shia Muslims belong to the Twelver (Ithna Asharia) branch, with significant minority who adhere to Ismailism branch that is composed of Nizari (Aga Khanis), Mustaali, Dawoodi Bohra, Sulaymani, and others. /Contents 81 0 R [61] A 2012 study by Gallup Pakistan found that people not affiliated to any religion account for 1% of the population. /ProcSet [ /PDF /ImageC /Text ] [71][72][73], There are people who do not profess any faith (such as atheists and agnostics) in Pakistan, but their numbers are not known. [23] However, non-Muslims have served as judges in the High Courts and Supreme Court. The most prominent Parsis of Pakistan today include Ardeshir Cowasjee, Byram Dinshawji Avari, Jamsheed Marker, as well as Minocher Bhandara. 20 0 obj /Contents 109 0 R /XObject 95 0 R Some of the functions of religion include: Social integration, social control (through enforcement of norms), source of hope and “healing”, etc. /Parent 1 0 R /ProcSet [ /PDF /ImageC /Text ] /Rotate 0 /Resources << Militant Islamic groups are the other powerful players, sometimes standing on the same side as the governmen… 11 0 obj /Rotate 0 More recently, from the 15th century onwards, Zorastrians came to settle the coast of Sindh and have established thriving communities and commercial enterprises. Politics is a significant social institution. /Parent 1 0 R /Parent 1 0 R The Jain temple at Gori in Tharparkar was a major Jain pilgrimage center. About 93% of Hindus live in Sindh, 5% in Punjab and nearly 2% in Balochistan. It inculcates social virtues: Religion promotes the major social virtues like truth, honesty, … Baba Dharam Das Tomb is also found in Pakistan. /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] The Jain Mandir Chowk at Lahore was the site of a Digambar Jain Temple. >> After independence, many migrated abroad but a number remained. [67], The number of Buddhist voters was 1,884 in 2017 and are mostly concentrated in Sindh and Punjab.[68]. /Font 96 0 R [63] It is more similar to very early (Rigvedic) Hinduism, than later forms of Hinduism. /XObject 91 0 R Ethnic and national groups around the world. /ProcSet [ /PDF /ImageC /Text ] [44], Before the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal empire, around 90% of the population was Hindu. << /Font 104 0 R /Kids [ 4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R ] Pakistan Religious Education Institutions: An Overview; Pakistan Reli; Pakistan Reli. Through coups, support of militants, and interference in their neighboring countries’ affairs, they have directly or indirectly held onto power and been at the center of decision making in the country since its creation in August 1947. Every organisation is dependent upon certain recognised and established set of rules, traditions and usages. /Font 88 0 R 4 0 obj 3 0 obj Pakistani authorities have issued him a passport which stated Judaism as his religion and have allowed him to travel to Israel. Language. While societies may differ in how they establish these institutions and in how simple or complex they are, we find the same five basic social /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] The religious institutions’ products are rituals, values, beliefs and ceremonies. /Type /Page /Rotate 0 >> The people, in spite of some language differences, customs and traditions commonly follow one religion. 16 0 obj Outreach through Social Media; Join ‘Friends of IPS’ Shop; Contact; Home; E-books; PAKISTAN Religious Education Institutions; PAKISTAN Religious Education Institutions. /Font 92 0 R Parsis have entered Pakistani public life as social workers, business folk, journalists and diplomats. /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] >> 07. Your email address will not be published. << What is the definition of Political Institutions? [65], Jainism existed in Sindh, Punjab, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, before the partition in 1947, and even for several years after the partition. /Font 100 0 R /Resources << The 1998 Pakistani census states that there are 291,000 (0.22%) Ahmadis in Pakistan. Institutions such as education and families are essential in relaying morals as the social norm, but religion may well be the institution that holds all of those to a higher standard. Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the Pakistani constitution, which established a fundamental right of Pakistani citizens, irrespective of their religion, to equal rights. [9][10][11][31] A PEW survey in 2012 found that 6% of Pakistani Muslims were Shia. /ExtGState 98 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] Religious Institution. /Rotate 0 /Parent 1 0 R >> /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /ImageC /Text ] 1 0 obj However, religious institutions gained more and more traction into power … 13 0 obj Based on information collected from the Library of Congress, CIA World Factbook, Oxford University, University of Pennsylvania, U.S. State Department and others, the following is a list of estimations about the percentage of people professing different faiths in the country. >> [12][13] It is claimed that since 1947, religious minorities went from 23% to 3.7% of the population, due to mass migration of nearly 5 million Hindus and Sikhs to India in 1947[14] and separation of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) in 1971 which contained nearly 22% of minorities of Pakistan leaving behind approximately 1.6% of minorities in West Pakistan. Religion is also an example of a cultural universal, because it is found in all societies in one form or another. [27] The country is dotted with numerous ancient and disused Buddhist stupas along the entire breadth of the Indus River that courses through the heart of the country. /ExtGState 106 0 R << 3 million: International Federation for Human Rights: 3–4 million: Commission on International Religious Freedom: 4.910.000: James Minahan: Encyclopedia of the stateless nations. /XObject 58 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] >> << << One of the most inclusive and descriptive definitions is that of Joyce O. Hertzler (Social Institutions, 1946), which is as follows: “Social institution are purposive, regulatory, and consequently primary cultural configura­tions, formed unconsciously and/or deliberately, to satisfy individual wants and social needs bound up with the efficient operation of any plurality of … /Type /Page /ExtGState 126 0 R >> /Type /Page [20], The Constitution limits the political rights of Pakistan's non-Muslims. However, almost all emigrated to Israel after 1948. [46], The Rig Veda, the oldest Hindu text, was believed to have been composed in the Punjab province of modern-day Pakistan on the banks of the Indus River around 1500 BCE[47] and spread from there across South and South East Asia slowly developing and evolving into the various forms of the faith we see today. << Blog. /Type /Page /Contents 44 0 R /ProcSet [ /PDF /ImageC /Text ] The majority are Sunni (estimated at 80-90%), with an estimated 10-20% Shia. [54] Ahmadis believe in Muhammad as the best and the last law bearing prophet and Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as the Messiah of Muslims. /Resources << We tend to think of religion in individual terms because religious beliefs and values are highly personal for many people. endobj It is the function of a society in which all the powers are given to a particular group of people chosen by the citizens through poles. According to the last Census in Pakistan, Ahmadi made up 0.22% of the population; however, the Ahmadiyya community boycotted the census. /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R It is the practice of sacred things and participation of believers in the rituals. /Font 128 0 R /Type /Pages [42] They speak a variety of languages such as Sindhi, Seraiki, Aer, Dhatki, Gera, Goaria, Gurgula, Jandavra, Kabutra, Koli, Loarki, Marwari, Sansi, Vaghri[43] and Gujarati. /ExtGState 118 0 R /Contents 101 0 R >> /Contents 93 0 R While according to latest census of 2017, There are 4.4 million Hindus in Pakistan out of 207.68 million total population comprising 2.14% of the country's population. [19] The Constitution also states that all laws are to conform with the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah. >> A few aspects of Secularism has also have been adopted by Pakistani constitution from British colonial concept. In the 15th century, the reformist Sikh movement originated in Punjab region in undivided India where Sikhism's founder, as well as most of the faiths disciples, originated from. endobj Westport 2002, page 52, This page was last edited on 2 February 2021, at 14:39. /ExtGState 61 0 R endobj /ExtGState 94 0 R /XObject 87 0 R There is no evidence of any Jains living in Pakistan today, although it is claimed that a few still live in Sindh and Punjab provinces. /Type /Page endobj /Font 144 0 R << There are at least 4,000 Pakistani citizen practicing the Zoroastrian religion. >> College's Political Clout", "Pakistan: The situation of Ahmadis, including legal status and political, education and employment rights; societal attitudes toward Ahmadis (2006 - Nov. 2008)", "Pakistan: Situation of members of the Lahori Ahmadiyya Movement in Pakistan", "History of the Bahá'í Faith in Pakistan", "The Right of Belief in Egypt: Case study of Baha'i minority", "Pakistan - International Religious Freedom Report 2008", "Quaid i Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah: Early days", "Kalash Religion (extract from 'The Ṛgvedic Religious System and its Central Asian and Hindukush Antecedents')", "Pakistan elections: Non-Muslim voters up by 30%, Hindus biggest minority", "Brothers of Pakistani man claiming to be Jewish call him insane", "Karachi, Pakistan - Brothers Of Pakistani Man Claiming Jewish Roots Call Him 'Insane, "Pakistan's last Jew in battle to win 'empathy, "Brothers of Pakistani man claiming Jewish roots call him 'insane, "Being Pakistani and atheist a dangerous combo, but some ready to brave it", http://www.gallup.com.pk/Polls/240712.pdf, "Pakistan's forced conversions shame Imran Khan", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Pakistan&oldid=1004423328, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2008, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /ProcSet [ /PDF /ImageC /Text ] /Type /Page There is a small Jewish community of Pakistani origin settled in Ramla, Israel. 2. /Contents 105 0 R However, the Ahmadiyya Muslim community has boycotted the census since 1974 which renders official Pakistani figures to be inaccurate. /ProcSet [ /PDF /ImageC /Text ] /Contents 125 0 R /Type /Catalog /Parent 1 0 R [69][70] He claimed that his mother is Jewish (making him Jewish by Jewish custom) but, his father is a Muslim. /Resources << /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Resources << /Resources << endobj /ProcSet [ /PDF /ImageC /Text ] Religion is a social institution, as it involves patterns of beliefs and behavior that help a society meet its basic needs. It's Not About What You Believe /ExtGState 22 0 R Power and authority and status and role are produced and enforced by the political institutions. /Parent 1 0 R << Latest Posts. Various estimates suggest that there were about 1,500 Jews living in Pakistan at the time of its independence on 14 August 1947, with the majority living in Karachi and a few living in Peshawar. Moral values of individuals within a society are derived from the religion. /Type /Page /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] The social institution that religion is often fulfills the social role of helping a community deal with tragedies and even individual families deal with personal tragedies which are not of broad scope, such as a death in the family, or a house burning down. << Required fields are marked * Comment. >> 12th century). [7] The majority of Pakistani Shia Muslims belong to the Twelver Islamic law school, with significant minority groups who practise Ismailism, which is composed of Nizari (Aga Khanis), Mustaali, Dawoodi Bohra, Sulaymani, and others. [12] According to the National Commission of Justice and Peace and the Pakistan Hindu Council (PHC) around 1,000 non-muslim minority women are converted to Islam and then forcibly married off to their abductors or rapists.[48][13]. For this purpose people behave in a customary way which is controlled by norms. >> >> Karachi had the most prominent population of Parsis in Pakistan. 8 0 obj They are number of disused Jain Temples found in different parts of Pakistan. /Filter /FlateDecode [30] The majority are Sunni (estimated at 80-90%),[9][10] with an estimated 10-20% Shia. The institutions reproduce human race, goods, services, traditions and all other patterns of social life. They support the society's survival. /Rotate 0 << /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] Many of the present day conflicts, from intercommunal violence to blasphemy laws, occur along the fault lines of religious communities. RELIGION AND SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS 799 But the time came when Hebrew and Greek and Roman religion ceased to be institutional; a new point of view developed and spread through them all. /Rotate 0 Cases collected by Global Human Rights Defence show that young underage Christian (and Hindu) girls are often targeted by Muslims for forced conversion to Islam. Education and Religion Social Institutions A social institution is a complex, integrated set of social norms organized around the preservation of basic societal values. /Font 112 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /ImageC /Text ] Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the Pakistani constitution, which established a fundamental right of Pakistani citizens, irrespective of their religion, to equal rights. There are a few disused synagogues in both cities; while one Karachi synagogue was torn down for the construction of a shopping mall. by kdkasi | Oct 12, 2018 | Social Institutions. [61] The shrine of Guru Nanak Dev is located in Nankana Sahib near the city of Lahore where many Sikhs from all over the world make pilgrimage to this and other shrines. [34][35] Many rituals and ceremonies are celebrated according to Islamic calendar. As Farahnaz Isphani has argued in her recent book, Purif >> Two Sufis whose shrines receive much national attention are Ali Hajweri in Lahore (ca. It is estimated that about 96% adult Pakistanis currently hold CNIC cards, and therefore the total adult population of non-Muslim religions seems to be over 3 million. /Font 120 0 R /Resources << Social Institutions: Family, Marriage, Kinship, Religion and Social stratification in India Society is the combination of individuals. /Type /Page /Font 47 0 R << /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /ProcSet [ /PDF /ImageC /Text ] /Rotate 0 >> [citation needed] Sufism, a mystical Islamic tradition, promoted by Fariduddin Ganjshakar in Pakpatan, has a long history and a large popular following in Pakistan. See: National Database and Registration Authority, St. Patrick's Institute of Science & Technology, Saint Joseph's College for Women, Karachi, Pakistan National Commission for Minorities, "Headcount finalised sans third-party audit", "Population Distribution by Religion, 1998 Census", http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf, "Population: 174,578,558 (July 2010 est. Islam is practiced by all Pakistanis. /Rotate 0 /Contents 139 0 R /Rotate 0 [64] Adherents of the Kalash religion number around 3,000 and inhabit three remote valleys in Chitral; Bumboret, Rumbur and Birir. 6 0 obj Religions based on the belief in a single deity are monotheistic.Those that encompass many deities are polytheistic. >> Religious minorities in Pakistan often face significant discrimination, subject to issues such as violence and misuse of the blasphemy law. /Rotate 0 The remaining 4% practice Hinduism, Christianity, Sikhism and other religions. At the time of independence of Pakistan in 1947, Karachi and Lahore were home to a thriving Parsi business community. /Contents 56 0 R /XObject 142 0 R Religious Uniformity. /Resources << /Rotate 0 [49] The majority of the Pakistani Christian community consists of Punjabis who converted during the British colonial era and their descendants. endobj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /ImageC /Text ] endobj In recent years, their numbers have increased with many Sikhs migrating from neighboring Afghanistan who have joined their co-religionists in Pakistan. /ExtGState 45 0 R In his book ‘The Pashtuns Question: The Unresolved Key to the Future of Pakistan and Afghanistan’, Abubakar Siddique elucidated that religion was utilized by the Pakistani state to foster domestic social cohesion to counter ethno-nationalism originating from within various ethnic communities. [25], The focus of Islamic principles creates a system of institutionalised discrimination that filters down into society. /Parent 1 0 R It is the foundation on … >> >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] [citation needed], Cases collected by Global Human Rights Defence show that underage Hindu (and Christian) girls are often targeted by Muslims for forced conversion to Islam. /Contents 64 0 R /ProcSet [ /PDF /ImageC /Text ] /Type /Page /Producer (Python PDF Library \055 http\072\057\057pybrary\056net\057pyPdf\057) /Contents 85 0 R The role of religious identity in Pakistan has been an important part of the history of Pakistan. A few Protestant groups conduct missions in Pakistan. 2 0 obj [39] As of 2010[update], Pakistan had the fifth largest Hindu population in the world and PEW predicts that by 2050 Pakistan will have the fourth largest Hindu population in the world. /Parent 1 0 R [41] Hindus are found in all provinces of Pakistan but are mostly concentrated in Sindh. /Font 84 0 R There are a number of Sikhs living throughout Pakistan today; estimates vary, but the number is thought to be on the order of 20,000. It provides cohesion in the social order by promoting a sense of belonging and collective consciousness Structure of Religion The structure of religion depends on the Sacred, Beliefs, Religious Values, Rituals and Experiences because every religion has its own Beliefs, Religious … Religion provides support during some of life struggle and changes by applying morals in the early in a … • Religion is influences economy. /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] >> /Type /Page /Type /Page

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