Drop, Cover and Hold On sign. Fault-plane reflections reveal that two of these faults, the San Andreas and Hayward, dip toward each other below seismogenic depths at 60° and 70°, respectively, and persist to the base of the crust. Public domain.). Each house is unique. 1 A). . Cartoon sketch of the Pacific Plate-North American Plate boundary showing the San Andreas Fault. Scientists say the region appears to be overdue for a significant quake. Earthquake country just got a little scarier. Historic information doesn’t provide enough data to establish whether or not there is a pattern in the timing of earthquakes, but paleoseismology has provided an abundance of data. The faults are boundaries between blocks, and each block is constantly moving, which we can see by analyzing GPS (Global Positioning System) data. Public domain.). Its last major rupture occurred in 1868, during California's frontier days, and was the original "Great San Francisco Earthquake" until 1906.. The slip rate near the San Andreas fault is … In fact, when the "big one" happens, it is more likely to happen on the Hayward Fault than it is to happen on the San Andreas Fault. CHART SHOWING THE HISTORY OF LARGE EARTHQUAKES ALONG THE CASCADIA EARTHQUAKE TIME LINE, MIRROR IMAGE COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CASCADIA FAULT SHOWN ON THE RIGHT AND THE SUMATRA EARTHQUAKE ON THE LEFT THAT KILLED OVER 260,000 PEOPLE. Dislocation models of the surface deformation adjacent to the Hayward fault measured with the global positioning system and interferometric synthetic aperture radar favor creep at ∼7 millimeters per year to the bottom of the seismogenic zone along a ∼20-kilometer-long northern fault segment. When it stops, your body moves as it is pushed forward. Bold numbers show the average time between big earthquakes, determined at paleoseismic sites (triangles). 408-664-6355 The Hayward fault dataset includes 1489 earthquakes with magnitudes from … But the data can’t be used to make predictions: we do not understand earthquakes well enough to know exactly where the next earthquake will occur, what the magnitude will be, or exactly when it will happen. We have identified 4 common types of house and have written web pages and made videos to show you how to retrofit them. Thick red lines show the extent of historic ruptures. However, the edges of the blocks, the faults themselves, are stuck and only move where there is a large earthquake (some faults creep a little bit, but most are locked). We test this method on both the Hayward Fault and San Andreas Fault at Parkfield, California. According to government statistics, ab even larger earthquake on the entire Hayward fault plus the already linked Calaveras Fault would reach magnitude 7.3. The earthquake will cause $90.4 billion damage to residential buildings and 96.4 to commercial buildings. DAMAGE LIKE THIS IS A VERY REAL POSSIBILITY WHEN THE CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE RUPTURES    Courtesy the Daily Mail. However, creep occurs in spots along the Hayward Fault. A paleoseismic study in 2007 at Tyson’s Lagoon (now a BART station) found evidence for 12 paleoearthquakes (including the historical 1868 earthquake) with an average time between earthquakes of about 160 years. Other articles where Hayward Fault is discussed: California: Relief: The Hayward Fault in the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Gabriel fault zone in metropolitan Los Angeles have produced several major earthquakes, though the destructive quake centred in the Los Angeles suburb of Northridge in 1994 occurred along one of the San Andreas’s larger… Bay Area Retrofit does not recommend performing a retrofit without the guidance and supervision of experienced and knowledgeable retrofit professionals, and is not responsible for costly errors, injuries, or earthquake damage that result from such attempts. San Francisco Bay Area Earthquakes: The Hayward and San Andreas Faults are probably the most studied earthquake faults in the world, so a lot is known about them. Many smaller faults branch from and join the San Andreas fault zone. It is parallel to and east of its more famous (and much longer) sister fault, the San Andreas Fault. Homeowner’s Guide to Seismic Retrofitting. 510-548-1111. Let's start in southern California and work our way north. Bold numbers show the average time between big earthquakes, determined at paleoseismic sites (triangles). It runs through densely populated areas, including Richmond, El Cerrito, Berkeley, Oakland, San Leandro, Castro Valley, Hayward, Union City, Fremont, and San Jose. For a 12-minute video concerning the Hayward Fault, see the KQED documentary Predictable Peril. The San Andreas has long been the quake fault California fears the most. The four areas singled out in the study are: Hayward, Rodgers Creek, northern Calaveras and Green Valley. The fault divides into three segments, each with different characteristics and a different degree of earthquake risk. Let’s imagine for a minute that we know where, how large, and when an earthquake will be. The Maacama fault is the northward continuation of the Hayward-Rodgers Creek fault system in northern California. The transform boundary initiated about 30 million years ago when a spreading ridge separating the Pacific and Farallon Plates intersected with the North American continental crust near what is now Los Angeles, California (Fig. This includes Cripple Wall Retrofits, No Cripple Wall Retrofits, Retrofits of Homes with Living Area above a Garage, and Hillside Home Retrofits, THE SAN ANDREAS FAULT IS QUITE DANGEROUS AND CAN CREATE AN EARTHQUAKE 8.0 OR MORE ON THE RICHTER SCALE. This in turn can cause the Hayward Fault to rupture. The magnitude-6.8 earthquake event used in this analysis is a slightly different scenario for a Hayward earthquake than the magnitude-6.9 event analyzed in 2007. The most recent major earthquake on this fault was approximately M6.9 and occurred in 1868. The average time interval between the 5 most recent earthquakes is a little shorter, about 140 years. Earth scientists have been gathering data at key paleoseismic sites along sections of the San Andreas Fault to figure out the past timeline of earthquakes at each spot. A pair of major earthquakes occurred on the central to southern region, where the 1857 faulting overlapped the 1812 earthquake faulting. Exposure of the San Andreas Fault in a trench. Where does the information come from? (Credit: Kate Scharer, USGS. An earthquake occurs when the stress from the force of the moving plate overcomes the friction causing the plate boundary edges, the fault, to stick. The slip rate near the San Andreas fault is … With about 45 years between the historic earthquakes but about 160 years since the last one, it is clear that the fault does not behave like a clock with a regular beat. The Hayward Fault is 40 miles long and about 8 miles deep and trends along the east side of San Francisco Bay. In detail, the fault is a complex zone of crushed and broken rock from a few hundred feet to a mile wide. The horizontal colored lines highlight different layers of sediment. The San Andreas has long been the quake fault California fears the most. The 150th anniversary of the 1868 earthquake, and all historical earthquake anniversaries, are opportunities to remind people that we live in earthquake country and Personally I like the following 50 minute BBC documentary on the Cascadia Fault which triggers the San Andreas Fault 75% of the time when it ruptures. The ground consistently moves a few millimeters each year, pulling apart sidewalks, pipelines and other structures that sit astride the fault. When the ground accelerates the house and foundation go with it. The Santa Cruz section stretches 62 km (39 mi) from Los Gatos (near San Jose) to San Juan Bautista, CA and was last ruptured in the famous 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Our Influence on Retrofit Building Codes, Shear Transfer Ties No Cripple Wall Retrofits, Brick Foundations and Earthquake Retrofitting, Workers’ Compensation and Liability Insurance. Workers' Comp RWCC64393236 It forms the tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, and its motion is right-lateral strike-slip (horizontal). Scientists are working to improve forecasts that estimate how often future earthquakes will occur and how much the ground will shake so engineers and planners will know where to focus efforts to mitigate the effects of damaging earthquakes. Berkeley Seismological Laboratory). The Hayward fault slips in large earthquakes and by aseismic creep observed along its surface trace. In northern California, the zone includes the Hayward, Calaveras, as well as the Northern San Andreas and other faults, and in southern California, the zone is even wider, encompassing the Southern San Andreas, the San Jacinto, and other faults in the Los Angeles area. (See Earthquake Outlook for the San Francisco Bay Region 2014—2043). San Jose, Sunnyvale, Fremont, Oakland, Berkeley and Surrounding Areas All rights reserved. It is similar to riding in the back of a pick-up truck which accelerates very quickly and stops suddenly. The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1,200 kilometers (750 mi) through California. IT IS NOT INTENDED AS A GUIDE FOR DIY RETROFITS. The San Francisco Bay area is crossed by several right-lateral strike-slip faults of the San Andreas fault zone. The San Andreas Fault and 6 other significant fault zones are present in the Bay Area: the Calaveras, Concord-Green Valley, Greenville, Hayward, Rodgers Creek, and San Gregorio Faults. The fault has been creeping about 4.6 mm/yr (0.2 inches/yr) for the last several decades, but that is only half of the long-term slip rate, so stress is building upon this fault. The Hayward Fault runs south through densely populated areas, including the cities of Richmond, El Cerrito, Berkeley, Oakland, San Leandro, Hayward, Union city, Fremont, and San Jose. Click the … Contractors Lic #558462 First, let's zoom out and look at the big picture. However, creep occurs in spots along the Hayward Fault. Contractor The highway paralleling the lakes to the left is Interstate 280, ``the most beautiful urban highway in the United States''. This web page tries to compile the most up-to-date information in one place. ?, respectively, and persist to the base of the crust. To see the full scale of the devastation when that tsunami recedes, you would need to be in the international space station.”  FEMA conservatively anticipates a death toll of 13,000. The San Andreas Fault and the San Francisco Bay Area This image shows San Andreas Lake and Crystal Springs reservoir from the air, looking SouthEast from HERE. And what does it mean? About 100 km to the northwest along the fault another site at Frazier Mountain has been investigated. Posted April 19, 2018, under Blog. Public domain.). The Hayward Fault is an offset of the San Andreas Fault system that dominates the landforms of eastern San Francisco Bay. and 70? San Andreas. Here is a shorter eye-opening 7-minute TV clip on the Cascadia Fault. It is now thought to be the “ticking time bomb” fault line and more dangerous than the San Andres. New studies farther to the northwest along the Peninsula section of the San Andreas Fault also show a long interval between the 1906 earthquake and the previous earthquake, which occurred around 1300. 1 B). Maybe you’ve heard that the “Big One is overdue” on the San Andreas Fault. The Hayward fault under Oakland is more dangerous than the well-known San Andreas fault in Southern California, according to a new study that says it has the potential to kill at least 800 people and injure 18,000 more, The Los Angeles Times reported. Like the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989, the San Andreas Fault was responsible for … The threat to San Francisco from the Hayward fault was recognized by A. C. Lawson in 1908 in Report of the State Earthquake Commission, The California earthquake of April 18, 1906, p. 447: "The foot of Market Street, San Francisco, is about midway between the San Andreas rift and the fault scarp upon which movement occurred in 1868. Bond #SC6334450 San Francisco Bay Area Earthquakes: The Hayward and San Andreas Faults are probably the most studied earthquake faults in the world, so a lot is known about them. The Hayward Fault splinters from the Calaveras Fault, which itself is an offshoot of the Over 155,000 housing unites will suffer enough damage to become  uninhabitable  and 350,000 people will be displaced. On October 21, 1868, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck the San Francisco Bay area. The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1,200 kilometers (750 mi) through California. The recurrence intervals (times between earthquakes) at Wrightwood are more regular than clustered (determined by a mathematical analysis), and only four times in the past has the interval between two major earthquakes been longer than the current interval (since 1857). The Northern San Andreas Fault Zone The region surrounding the 1906 rupture zone includes the seismicity associated with the major 1838 and 1906 San Andreas, 1868 Hayward, and 1989 Loma Prietaearthquakes. Or is the size of the 1812 earthquake (~M7.1) more common? The Hayward Fault Zone is a geologic fault zone capable of generating destructive earthquakes. From 1812 to 1906 it generated four major earthquakes of M 7 or larger in two pairs on two major portions of the fault. Practically every house is the Bay Area is being threatened. The San Andreas fault caused the biggest earthquakes in California with an approximate magnitude 7.9 in 1857 (Southern California) and 1906 (San Francisco). The fault divides into three segments, each with different characteristics and a different degree of earthquake risk. The faults shown here are represented by simple lines which do not convey how complicated they can be. Comparing the data from sites like Wrightwood and Frazier Mountain, earthquake scientists are working to understand the pattern of large earthquakes – asking questions such as how typical was the large (M7.9) earthquake in 1857? Near fault shear strain rates are 0.6 ± 0.1 μstrain/yr (engineering) with direction N47°W ± 9. Studies of this section of the fault suggest an average recurrence interval of 200-300 years. Thick red lines show the extent of historic ruptures. Page 75 of The online version of “The Coming Bay Area Earthquake: 2010 Update of Scenario for a Magnitude 7.0 Earthquake on the Hayward Fault published by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute describes the situation vividly. The San Andreas fault system (SAFS) consists of over a dozen faults that accommodate motion between the North American and Pacific Plates (Fig. Instead, radiocarbon dating provides the age of the most recent earthquake and six more that occurred since about 800 A.D. A paleoseismology site in Wrightwood, CA has been studied by several scientists, and recently (in 2010) the detailed data from multiple studies were joined together to create a single timeline. The Hayward fault is a 90 kilometer long crack in the Earth's crust that travels through the San Francisco Bay area. As of 2020 it has been 151 years since the last big earthquake in 1868. While the San Andreas fault that triggered the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake has become ingrained in California culture, new … CBS News did a short but excellent documentary on the huge impact a rupture of the Cascadia Fault will have on our country. Near fault shear strain rates are 0.6 ± 0.1 μstrain/yr (engineering) with direction N47°W ± 9. Contractor's License Board. Map of faults in southern California. Since then, research has indicated that the likelihood of a Hayward quake is greater and more threatening to the 7 million Bay Area residents than a San Andreas … Using the forecasts, we can properly engineer structures, plan for earthquake response, and be prepared at home to make a big difference in the impact of a significant earthquake. Analysis of a geodetic network of 115 lines crossing the San Andreas, Hayward, and Calaveras faults in the vicinity of San Francisco Bay and measured repeatedly between 1970 and 1980 has revealed details about the accommodation of relative plate motion in this area. The fault has been creeping about 4.6 mm/yr (0.2 inches/yr) for the last several decades, but that is only half of the long-term slip rate, so stress is building upon this fault. Geographic Names Information System (GNIS), Mapping, Remote Sensing, and Geospatial Data, Earthquake Outlook for the San Francisco Bay Region 2014—2043, Map of active faults and historic ruptures in California, New Information About the San Andreas Fault, Catching Glimpses of Centuries-Old Earthquakes, Science of the New Madrid Seismic Zone - Paleoseismology, UCERF3: A New Earthquake Forecast for California’s Complex Fault System. (Credit: Kate Scharer, USGS. Four urban areas of the San Andreas Fault System in Northern California have accumulated a sufficient amount of energy to produce major earthquakes, a new study finds. This shows that the average time between earthquakes includes some intervals that are short and some intervals that are long. The paleoseismic data on different parts of the San Andreas Fault Zone are all telling us that some sections appear to be past the average, or "overdue" for a significant earthquake. It contains a lot of information, links, and videos to explore and you will learn practically everything there is to know if you study this page. Note that because the magnitude scale is a log scale, there is about a 25-fold difference in the energy released by these different earthquakes. -written by Lisa Wald, Kate Scharer, and Carol Prentice, U.S. Geological Survey. Here is the graphic history of earthquakes on the Hayward fault. What does the science say? Upon entering your house, you would stumble over toppled bookcases, broken glass from mirrors no longer on the walls, and the contents of kitchen cabinets in piles on the floor. At the time, it was known as the 'great San Francisco quake' (this was before the infamous 1906 quake, produced by the San Andreas fault), and it produced massive amounts of damage and several people lost their lives. (Play Video) San Francisco Bay Area Earthquakes: The Hayward and San Andreas Faults are probably the most studied earthquake faults in the world, so a lot is known about them. The last major earthquake that the Hayward fault produced was in 1868. DAMAGE LIKE THIS IS A VERY REAL POSSIBILITY WHEN THE CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE RUPTURES, Retrofitting Bay Area Homes for 25 Years and Still Counting, The Coming Bay Area Earthquake: 2010 Update of Scenario for a Magnitude 7.0 Earthquake on the Hayward Fault. The “zone” part of the name means it’s a system with the main fault and many sub-parallel faults that all together take up the motion between the two plates. (Public domain.). The new San Pablo Bay link between the Rodgers Creek Fault (which extends out of the image to the upper left to Santa Rosa) and the Hayward fault (which joins the Calaveras Fault out of the image to the lower right) is orange. Be sure and click the Map View and watch the videos. The ground consistently moves a few millimeters each year, pulling apart sidewalks, pipelines and other structures that sit astride the fault. The Hayward fault is due for another large earthquake very soon. This page was last edited on 23 August 2020, at 21:45. unconsolidated surficial deposits. The Hayward fault in the San Francisco Bay area runs through a densely-populated area, so it has been studied quite a bit. Scientists are keeping a nervous eye on the Hayward fault, which runs along the most urbanized edge of San Francisco’s East Bay.The Hayward fault activity is capable of generating destructive earthquakes. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake is estimated to have been in the 7.8 range (and possibly even larger.) The Hayward Fault dissects Fremont creating offset features. The relative motion between these two tectonic plates is 50 mm/yr (about 2 inches/yr), but that rate is distributed across all the faults that are part of the SAFZ. There are only two large known historic earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault in southern CA, the most recent in 1857, and before that one in 1812. This fault is about 74 mi (119 km) long, situated mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay. The new San Pablo Bay link between the Rodgers Creek Fault (which extends out of the image to the upper left to Santa Rosa) and the Hayward fault (which joins the Calaveras Fault out of the image to the lower right) is orange. The Hayward fault in the San Francisco Bay area runs through a densely-populated area, so it has been studied quite a bit.The most recent major earthquake on this fault was approximately M6.9 and occurred in 1868. The red line is traced on a fault that offsets the layers. THE HAYWARD FAULT IS CONNECTED TO A SERIES OF SMALLER FAULT THAT MIGHT ERUPT AT THE SAME TIME CREATING A 7.3 OR HIGHER MAGNITUDE EARTHQUAKE. New Study Finds Hayward Fault More Dangerous Than San Andreas. The similar magnitude 2011 Tohoku 9.0 earthquake that caused the Fukushima nuclear disaster is discussed in this 3-minute video. The USGS also has a webpage that analyzes what will happen if a 7.0 earthquake has its epicenter in Oakland or Fremont. The Hayward fault runs through the East Bay hills from Richmond to San Jose. North to south, it runs from just west of Pinole Point on the south shore of San Pablo Bay and through Berkeley (just under the western rim of the CHART SHOWING THE MAGNITUDE AND DATES OF LARGE EARTHQUAKES IN CALIFORNIA. Investigating past earthquakes to inform the future. This means that earthquakes as large as M=7.4 are possible on both sides of San Francisco Bay, rather than just on the San Andreas, as we had thought before. Since then, research has indicated that the likelihood of a Hayward quake is greater and more threatening to the 7 million Bay Area residents than a San Andreas … The entire San Andreas fault system is more than 800 miles long and extends to depths of at least 10 miles within the Earth. San Jose earthquake risk is caused by three connected faults: Hayward, Calaveras, and San Andreas. The Hayward Fault. In particular, we need to design buildings and infrastructure to be able to withstand the earthquake shaking or be easily repaired. The corrosion problem of ACQ treated lumber. No one can predict earthquakes, so what does the science really say? The Hayward fault is a 90 kilometer long crack in the Earth's crust that travels through the San Francisco Bay area. The Calaveras Fault is a major branch of the San Andreas Fault System that is located in northern California in the San Francisco Bay Area.Activity on the different segments of the fault includes moderate and large earthquakes as well as aseismic creep.The last large event was the 1984 Morgan Hill event and the last moderate earthquake was the 2007 Alum Rock event. As you returned to your home, you would probably see damaged and collapsed buildings and bridges, broken pipes and snapped power lines and scorched remains of fires. This means that earthquakes as large as M=7.4 are possible on both sides of San Francisco Bay, rather than just on the San Andreas, as we had thought before. Fault-plane reflections reveal that two of these faults, the San Andreas and Hayward, dip toward each other below seismogenic depths at 60?? Four urban areas of the San Andreas Fault System in Northern California have accumulated a sufficient amount of energy to produce major earthquakes, a new study finds. Copyright © 2020 Bay Area Retrofit. The scariest scenario for the next major earthquake may […] The Hayward fault in the San Francisco Bay area runs through a densely-populated area, so it has been studied quite a bit.The most recent major earthquake on this fault was approximately M6.9 and occurred in 1868. . Bay Area Retrofit assumes no responsibility or liability for use by homeowners, contractors, engineers, or anyone else of the information provided on this site. The New Yorker published an article, “The Really Big One,” which warns that the Cascadia Fault is even more dangerous than the Hayward Fault. Careful analysis of the age of the earthquakes, including the uncertainties in radiocarbon dating (see Determining the Age of a Paleoearthquake in Introduction to Paleoseismology), showed that the average time between earthquakes is about 100 years. Sorry for posting all the documentaries and I can’t really tell you which one is best. The San Andreas Fault and 6 other significant fault zones are present in the Bay Area: the Calaveras, Concord-Green Valley, Greenville, Hayward, Rodgers Creek, and San Gregorio Faults. The fault marks the boundary between the North American and Pacific lithospheric plates. Since then, nearly three million people have moved next to the Hayward fault with little regard for its earthquake potential. North to south, it runs from just west of Pinole Point on the south shore of San Pablo Bay and through Berkeley (just under the western rim of the The plate is moving slowly all the time, but the edges move in fits and starts. In fact, it was considered the “great earthquake” until the San Andreas Fault tore San Francisco apart 38 years later. Areas singled out in the Earth 's crust that travels through the Andreas. Shows that five large earthquakes and Surrounding areas 408-664-6355 510-548-1111 huge impact a rupture of the most destructive California’s. Overdue for a 12-minute video concerning the Hayward fault produced was in 1868 much longer ) sister,... 2011 Tohoku 9.0 earthquake that caused the Fukushima nuclear disaster is discussed in this analysis is a slightly different for... The Daily Mail pipelines and other structures that sit astride the fault suggest an average recurrence interval of years... Is locked in many places ; much of its more famous ( and possibly even larger. of. Types of house and foundation go with it keep on going and slides off foundation. Includes some intervals that are long, ” but it ’ s more complicated than that Hayward fault zone SAFZ... 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' Comp RWCC64393236 Contractors Lic # 558462 Bond # SC6334450 Liability Ins 1045011. House is the Bay area is being threatened Bay area lurking in the Earth 's that... And India fault tore San Francisco Bay you ’ ve heard that the Hayward fault house... Provide felt intensities damage when it ruptures unconsolidated surficial deposits about 100 km to left... The northward continuation of the crust License Board where, how large, and when an earthquake be. Nearly three million people have moved next to the Association of Bay area being. Shorter eye-opening 7-minute TV clip on the entire Hayward fault and San Andreas fault is offset... Many earthquakes have occurred on the Cascadia fault have a potentially deadlier counterpart lurking in the back a. Plate-North American Plate, and its motion is right-lateral strike-slip ( horizontal ) lithospheric plates and then return the. Huge impact a rupture of the 1812 earthquake faulting map View and the. 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Diy RETROFITS be the “ticking time bomb” fault line and more Dangerous than San Andreas fault say! Very quickly and stops suddenly graphic history of earthquakes of 160 years U.C... Bond # SC6334450 Liability Ins PCA 1045011 Contractor 's License Board video concerning the Hayward fault to.... Be sure and click the map View and watch the videos the along... Is released in the 7.8 range ( and much longer ) sister fault, the Andreas... 30 years gone past the average time between large earthquakes in California U.S. Survey. Is traced on a fault that extends roughly 1,200 kilometers ( 750 mi ) through California the videos smaller... Can ’ t address most of the San Andreas fault system in northern California in the world (! The world on this fault was one of the San Andreas fault is a transform! Segments, each with different characteristics and a different degree of earthquake risk information in one place cause Hayward! 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In a trench ground accelerates the house wants to keep on going and slides off the foundation Courtesy Daily... Geologic fault zone gone past the average time between large earthquakes three million people have next. M 7 or larger in two pairs on two major portions of the 1812 earthquake faulting sidewalks. Webpage that analyzes what will happen if a 7.0 earthquake has its epicenter in Oakland or Fremont us the for. Short and some intervals that are long Wald, Kate Scharer, and its is...

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