Sands MR, Lauderdale DS, Liu K, Knutson KL, Matthews KA, Eaton CB, Linkletter CD, Loucks EB. [11] Endothelial cells encode important features of the structural cell immune response in the epigenome and can therefore respond swiftly to immunological challenges. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Effect of short sleep duration on daily activities--United States, 2005–2008. is the root of endothelial dysfunction. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Perceived insufficient rest or sleep among adults - United States, 2008. The vascular endothelium is a monolayer of cells between the vessel lumen and the vascular smooth muscle cells. Using a “gold standard” assessment of endothelial function in a relatively large, community-based population with a relatively low risk factor burden, we demonstrated an association between brachial artery FMD and selected aspects of reported sleep, including subjective quality, coughing/snoring during sleep, and daytime sleepiness even after adjustment for common CVD risk factors. The lesions formed in the intima, and persistent inflammation lead to desquamation of endothelium, which disrupts the endothelial barrier, leading to injury and consequent dysfunction. In vascular diseases, endothelial dysfunction is a systemic pathological state of the endothelium. However, the apparent interaction of reported snoring and daytime sleepiness suggests that these symptoms may have additive risk. Sorajja D, Gami AS, Somers VK, Behrenbeck TR, Garcia-Touchard A, Lopez-Jimenez F. Independent association between obstructive sleep apnea and subclinical coronary artery disease. It may well be that reports of relatively poor sleep quality, coughing/snoring and daytime sleepiness in this study were related to lower FMD values because they serve as proxy symptoms of sleep apnea25. 11 This noninvasive technique has gained popularity as an assessment of endothelial function that can safely be applied to large and varied groups of patients that may involve repeated measurement of vascular function over time. Endothelial cells in direct contact with blood are called vascular endothelial cells whereas those in direct contact with lymph are known as lymphatic endothelial cells. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Vascular endothelial growth factor provides an example of a vascular endothelial-specific growth factor. Stability of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Questionnaires over 1 year in early middle-aged adults: The CARDIA Study. Interestingly, those who reported cough / snore at night had higher ESS scores (8.0±4.4) compared to those who did not (6.3±4.0) (multivariate p< 0.0001). Short sleep duration is associated with carotid intima-media thickness among men in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. DEFENCE is a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint, parallel-group, comparative clinical trial. We are experimenting with display styles that make it easier to read articles in PMC. Endothelium is a single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. Short sleep duration and incident coronary artery calcification. The endothelium provides this selectively permeablelayer across which chemicals and white blood cells move according to where they are needed. It has been reported that moderate, aerobic, physical exercise could reduce OS and inflammation, thus limiting the cardiovascular risk factors while improving endothelial homeostasis, mood, and cognition. Group differences were evaluated by Student t-tests or 1-way analysis of covariance. Difference in multivariate-adjusted FMD by report of coughing and/or snoring during sleep. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Relation of self-reported sleep duration with carotid intima-media thickness in a general population sample. The endothelial cells are part of the blood-brain barri… Endothelial dysfunction has also been shown to be predictive of future adverse cardiovascular events, and is also present in inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The function of vascular endothelium . The endothelium is a thin membrane that lines the inside of the heart and blood vessels. Wolff B, Volzke H, Schwahn C, Robinson D, Kessler C, John U. In 684 subjects (32% male) between 37 and 60 years enrolled in the Emory-Georgia Tech Predictive Health Institute study, we measured reported sleep characteristics using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) along with cardiovascular risk factors. Epidemiologic studies examining sleep-related cardiovascular risk factors may well consider viewing these symptoms in tandem. Baseline characteristics of the 684 subjects are shown in Table 1. Impaired endothelial function, causing hypertension and thrombosis, is often seen in patients with coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, as well as in smokers. Utilization of such surrogate markers for disease is not uncommon in epidemiologic studies. Smoking, gender, and medication use (anti-hypertensive drugs, glucose lowering agents) were categorical variables. Lavie L, Kraiczi H, Hefetz A, Ghandour H, Perelman A, Hedner J, Lavie P. Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor in sleep apnea syndrome: effects of nasal continuous positive air pressure treatment. [10] These genes include critical immune mediators and proteins that facilitate cellular communication with hematopoietic immune cells. Nieto FJ, Herrington DM, Redline S, Benjamin EJ, Robbins JA. The damage of vascular endothelium by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by various risk factors (smoking, obesity, diabetes, etc.) The contribution to host immunity by non-hematopoietic cells, such as endothelium, is called “structural immunity”. [citation needed], Endothelial dysfunction is a result of changes in endothelial function. 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