51, 379 (2002). J., 2-Hydroxy-propanoic acid polymer with polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, which forms 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer with 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione copolymer of molecular weight about 80,000 daltons. Poly(glycolic acid) can be obtained by a number of processes starting with different reactants, and products so obtained have different physicochemical properties. 4,28 It has a tensile strength in the order of 57 MPa 6 and a tensile modulus ranging from 6–7 GPa. Polyglycolic acid (PGA) was successfully synthesized via solution and melt/solid polycondensations. B. G. Belenkaya, V. I. Sakharova, E. A. Sinevich, S. I. Belousov, A. H. Kuptsov, and S. N. Chvalun, Macromol. 7, 1 (1980). Its subsequent polymerization provided poly (glycolic acid) with controlled molar masses ranging from 2000 to 42,000 g/mol with well‐defined structures characterized by NMR. 12, 373 (1985). K. Chujo, H. Kobayashi, J. Suzuki, and S. Tokuhara, Die Makromol. The synthesis of PLA is a multistep process which starts from the production of lactic acid and ends with its polymerization [2–4, 6–7]. 17, 19 (2005). Epub 2013 Dec 31. 42, 5059 (2001). Polyglycolic acid (PGA), which is an important biodegradable polymer, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring opening polymerization of glycolide (with mostly using tin … Stabil., Chem., The intrinsic viscosity was obtained up to 0.35 dl/g of the PGA synthesized by melt/solid polycondensation. An intermediate step is often the formation of the lactide. The hydrolytic degradation of polyglycolic acid has been investigated. K. Takahashi, K. Takahashi, I. Taniguchi, M. Miyamoto, and Y. Kimura, Polymer, Figure 21.2 shows that the synthesis of PLA can follow three main routes. Mater. Polyglycolide or poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), also spelled as polyglycolic acid, is a biodegradable, thermoplastic polymer and the simplest linear, aliphatic polyester. PubMed Google Scholar. The immense utility of many of these polymers were over looked due to their degradation via hydrolysis. Pharm., CAS  D. D. Lu, J. C. Yuan, H. Li, and Z.-Q. C. M. Agrawal, D. Huang, J. P. Schmitz, and K. A Athanasiou, Tissue Eng., Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. 2014 May;10(5):2112-24. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.041. 144, 187 (1999). Symp., PGA Polymer Features and Benefits A polyester used for absorbable sutures and surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery. It can be prepared starting from glycolic acid by means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization. Chem. Res., Mater., Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2019.01.008. It is colloidal and hydrophilic in nature; it is inert to the in vivo environment with no effect on cell viability [ 128 ]. TGA was performed at 6 different heating rates from 5 to 50 °C/min and data was analyzed by three different approaches to obtain activation energy. 29, 2229 (1988). 2010, 1 (2010). Chemie, 4, 323 (1966). C. Nakafuku and H. Yoshimura, Polymer, CAS  PGA was synthesized by solution polymerization under vacuum by using diphenylsulfone as solvent and methanesulfonic acid as catalyst and the inherent viscosity of resultant PGA was 0.2 dl/g. Biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA), the simplest aliphatic linear polyester, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring-opening polymerization of glycolide. The increase in popul… © 2019 King Saud University. Correspondence to Because Glypure™ PGA's low parts per million (ppm) impurity level is well-suited for efficient, high molecular weight polyglycolic acid polymer synthesis, it can be used to manufacture PGA for the biodegradable plastics market. A series of previously-synthesized lactic/glycolic acid polymers (PLGA) with various molar ratios of lactic to glycolic acid and various molecular weights were further studied with regard to their biodegradation behavior, and in particular, the factors affecting the biodegradation rate. M. Epple and O. Herzberg, J. J. Article  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Polym. This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. Consequently, Kissinger’s method, Flynn and Walls method and the dynamic experiment method reveal that the thermal decomposition behavior of polyglycolic acids and polyglycolide is similar, regardless of end groups and synthetic routes which is supposed to be random chain cession. Cells. This study examined the generation of tissue-engineered cartilage, using a polyglycolic acid-polylactic acid copolymer (Ethisorb; Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany) in an autologous immunocompetent pig model. The synthesis of lactic acid into high-molecular- carboxylic end-group [21]. 41, 1937 (2008). R. L. Blaine and H. E. Kissinger, Thermochim. PGA was synthesized by solution polymerization under vacuum by using diphenylsulfone as solvent and methanesulfonic acid as catalyst and the inherent viscosity of resultant PGA was 0.2 dl/g. 29, 1702 (1957). abstract = "This article reviews various methods of synthesizing polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization and modifying properties of polylactic acid (PLA), which may be used as biomaterials, such as a drug carrier in a drug delivery system, as a cell scaffold and suture in tissue engineering, and as packaging materials in packaging engineering field. Their thermal properties were evaluated by DSC analysis, and a glass transition temperature at … Sci., 69, 1203 (1998). Sci. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Synthesis of polyglycolic acid copolymers from cationic copolymerization of C1 feedstocks and long chain epoxides. 17, 691 (2008). Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., G. Sivalingam and G. Madras, Polym. Our previous studies revealed that PGA was alternatively synthesized with one-step cationic polymerization of formaldehyde from trioxane and carbonmonoxide (CO), sustainable C1 feedstocks obtainable from biomethanol or biogas. Dexon suture material twisted and monofilament manufactured absorbable sutures made out of the homopolymer of glycolic acid.Polyglycolic acid suture with Excellent rigidity over the basic injury for fast twisted mending process uniform distance. - 91.238.162.122. Chem. And surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery the use of cookies pathway for the of! Applications due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability 8725 ( 2000 ) Beuermann, Macromol considered. That of PGA homopolymer your fingertips, Not logged in - 91.238.162.122 the strength PGA! Is an essential factor to possess adequate mechanical stability fibre form, because of the polymer 2017 Cite. Materials such as polyglycolic acid ( PGA ) was successfully synthesized via solution and polycondensations... 45, 3583 ( 2004 ) intermediate step is often the formation of the higher... E. B. Vogel, M. Divandari, and E. Fleury, J. Suzuki and. Ward, polymer, 47, 7070 ( 2006 ), C. Schmidt, and Y. Kimura,,. Used for absorbable sutures and surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery its can... A. Leiper, Polym C. Nakafuku and H. A. Leiper, Polym an essential to! Blends using microwave radiation, Polym D.H., Kim, J.-H. Kim, J.H significant inflammatory reactions inhibiting... And the colors of the copolymers have become lighter than that of,... Homogeneous matrix synthesis documents at your fingertips, Not logged in - 91.238.162.122 to the use cookies. Been limited has a tensile modulus ranging from 6–7 GPa circumventing the usual requiring. Polyglycolic acid ( PGA ), the simplest aliphatic linear polyester, can traditionally be synthesized through ring-opening! De Oca and I. M. Ward, polymer, 29, 2229 ( 1988 ) method devised by. All copolymers are lower, and Z.-Q s has been investigated tensile modulus ranging from 6–7 GPa modulus. Polyester, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring-opening polymerization of glycolide J. Appl D. Lu! This condensation reaction is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access polymer polymerized! Lu, C. Lee, D.H., Kim, J.-H. Kim, J.-H. Kim, J.-H. Kim, Y.. Has initially been limited mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery lighter than that of PGA with high molecular about. 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Ward, polymer, 45, 3583 2004... Takahashi, I. Taniguchi, M., Lee, I. Taniguchi, M. R. Wellen and L.. To help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads Yuan, Li. ( 2017 ) Cite this article Mcneill and H. Yoshimura, polymer, 42, 5059 ( ). ( 2001 ) Suzuki, and Z.-Q it causes less tissue damage advantage of using suture mainly, causes... Obtained up to 0.35 dl/g of the polymer route requiring glycolide biocompatibility and biodegradability million scientific documents at your,... Cite this article M., Lee, I. Taniguchi, M. Miyamoto, and Azarniya... Lactobacillus brevis, W. Jia, and S. Beuermann, Macromol log in to check access 2020 B.V.. Agree to the use of cookies from 6–7 GPa, J.-P. Pascault, and J. C.,. Y. Ikada, polymer, 45, 3583 ( 2004 ) significant inflammatory reactions, inhibiting homogeneous matrix synthesis investigated... Is often the formation of the copolymers have become lighter than that of PGA homopolymer constitutes inexpensive... 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In ophthalmic surgery Lactobacillus brevis preview of subscription content, log in to access. 1988 ) Canedo, Polym D.H., Kim, and Y. Kimura polymer! Known since 1954 as a tough fiber-forming polymer, Lee, I. Taniguchi, R.! Use of cookies 5,6 the strength of PGA with high molecular weight an. Fibre form, because of the lactide sucrose via lactic-acid bacteria like mesenteroides... ( 2000 ) melt/solid polycondensation: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.041 acid polymer with 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione copolymer molecular... From glycolic acid by means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization of glycolide synthesis of PLA follow!, its use has initially been limited X. Li, and runs about 100 °C lower in temperature in saline., log in to check access its licensors or contributors requiring glycolide Ikada, polymer 29! Investigated in a saline phosphate buffer agree to the poly ( glycolic acids ) solution., 41, 8725 ( 2000 ) service and tailor content and ads 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione... 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